Tourism and Fastest Growing Industries Free Essays

Tourism as an industry has been travelling with the wild pace of technological advancements and aboard are people from different places and cultures interacting with increasing ease†¦. since, the globe had been shrunk into a village. Unlike our predecessors, we can affordably and in a shorter time travel across the world in large numbers comparatively safe. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism and Fastest Growing Industries or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tourism being one of the biggest and fastest growing industries globally, its benefits and the challenges, keenly observed by governments affects the economic, socio-cultural, environmental and educational resources of nations. The positive effects of tourism on a country’s economy include the growth and development of various industries directly linked with a healthy tourism industry, such as transportation, accommodation, wildlife, arts and entertainment. This brings about the creation of new jobs and revenue generated from foreign exchange, investments and payments of goods and services provided. Though improvements in the standard of living of locals in heavily visited tourist destinations is usually little or non-existent, inflation of the prices of basic commodities, due to visiting tourists, is a constant feature of these areas. The nature of the world economy dictates that it’s mostly people from developed nations who travel as tourist to the developing ones, much more than do people from developing nations visit as tourist the developed ones. This results in a downward stream of cultural influences that in cases have proven to be detrimental, as they were not in cohesion with the environment, economy and culture of these hosts, who cannot in that same capacity exchange influences. For example, it is common knowledge that most tourist destinations are plagued with prostitution; this has had dire consequences for the culture, economy and health of these tourist coveted nations, but is reported to be a major boost for tourism. The environment can be greatly affected by tourism in cases where the attraction is a vista of nature’s beauty, visits of people in large numbers could mean huge amounts of treading and pollution of materials such as plastic waste, bottles, which in the long run could be disruptive to the habitats of both faunal and floral life. Assessments into the capacity of people an area can safely bear environmentally, security and facility-wise are important in the protection and preservation of these vistas beaming with nature’s beauty. The responsibility falls on hosts, who must make it a point to inform and educate visitors on acceptable behaviours and dangers posed by going against the advised codes of conduct, such as disposing waste haphazardly. In the quest to provide facilities for tourists the environment has been affected in other ways, large hotels and other facilities for tourists and likes consume large amounts of power in their quest to provide a long list of patrons with all the ‘hip’ electronic comforts. The tourist themselves face several difficulties in their quest for, journey and stay in these foreign lands, such as the sometimes tiring search for visas and the duration of stay permitted by the host country. Another is security; most places because of frequent tourist visits have become targets for criminal activities such as kidnapping and terrorism. Nonetheless in true nature of the human spirit tourism continues to be one of the fastest growing industries worldwide†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. besides, what would adventure be? How to cite Tourism and Fastest Growing Industries, Papers

Global SDGS For Disability Inclusive Development- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theGlobal SDGS For Disability Inclusive Development. Answer: Introduction The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is officially termed as Transforming out world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development consists 17 different global goals targeting 169 factors the world is suffering from. The United Nations commanded these goals through a process that involves 193 member states and the global civil society. These goals are placed in the para 54 of the United Nation Regulations A/RES/70/1 of 25 September 2015 [1]. This SDG is built on the values of resolution A/RES/66/288 that is termed as The future we want and is a nonbinding article, a result of Rio+20 meeting happened in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2012. After the historic success of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the United Nation wanted to propose a plan worldwide that has the ability to change the bottom line needs of the human wellbeing and people could avail the basic needs for their living without any problem [2]. Therefore, the urge for such goals lead them to construct a SGD th at has the ability to change the entire world. The framework for this purpose started on 19 July 2014 when the Open Working Group (OWG) advanced the proposal of SDG to the UN General Assembly (UNGA). The UNGA, on December 5, 2014 accepted the report of secretary general that stated the SDG goals would be based on the proposal of the OWG. Finally, In the SDG summit held on September 25 to 27, 2015 in New York, USA these goals were accepted for the future [3]. Disability Inclusion Development is a part of UN SDGs proposed to create a better world altogether. 15 percent of the world population, which is nearly one billion, is suffering from any kind of disability and such occurrence is higher for developing countries than the developed ones. It is a fact that person with disability, throughout the world, has to suffer more in every case than the person without disability does [4]. These suffering may include, less education, less healthcare opportunities, less employment and higher rates of poverty. The poverty alone can increase the rate of disability through malnutrition, which is the prime reason for mental disability of children worldwide. Further, it increases the chance of less educational and work related opportunities, polluted and unhygienic conditions and the prime reason is their bottom line needs to achieve a respectful living for them, which is food, education and employment. Inclusion of disabled person to the mainstream and e xpanding windows for equal opportunities is the prime goal for the sustainable development goals 2030 that focuses on the basic needs for the world population [5]. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the world population, who are blessed to have everything in their life, to share a bit with these needy people. Inclusion of disability in the sustainable development goal 2030 is of importance because there were no goals mentioned for the disabled people in the MDGs and due to which such people were feeling left out of the global agendas. However, adding them in the UN agenda is not going to help these people, it needs proper vigilance and tracking as they are not always given the respect and right they deserve [6]. This critical analysis of the UNGA Resolution A/RES/70/1 Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is going to discuss the different issues regarding disability and disability inclusion mentioned in the SDGs. the number of goals for disability is linked with SDGs, their link with human rights and their proper details are going to be discussed. How these goals support the inclusion and development in all the countries for people with disability will be discussed. Strength, shortcomings and inadequacy of these goals for implication in developed and developing countries by different governmental and non-governmental organizations are going to be analyzed critically. Steps that can be used to achieve these goals and the ways by which the developed countries are collecting data and measurement are going to be discussed. different process of data gathering and measurement and evaluation for disability inclusive development is going to be discussed and its importan ce in the implication will be analyzed. Implication of these SDG goals in developed and developing countries needs changes in few existing laws and policies. This report is going to discuss the laws that need to be changed to implement the SDGs for disabled people. Finally, a suggestion will be provided to achieve the SDG 2030, with discussion about the pros and cons of the human right based approach of Disability inclusive development. Human rights, Sustainable Development and disability inclusive development Human rights is an integral part of the 2030 SDGs. the millennium development goals were proposed for the developed countries only and therefore, so many issues related to human rights were neglected in those development goals. However, the SDGs proposed in 2015 general assembly unequivocally anchored in human rights. while the range of MDGs were narrow and included a set of economic and social issues, the SDG included 17 goals and 169 targets covering an array of issues that puts out different human right issues in an open platform [7]. As an example, the topic that SDG addresses are availability, quality affordability and accessibility of education, water, sanitation, health and many more issues that is an integral part of the human rights for years. Therefore, it is quite evident that SDG is human right based. Unlike the MDGs, the SDGs are very vocal about the basal level needs of people with disability and talks about their basic human rights. It can be evident from the fact that, eleven times the SDGs mentions person with disabilities or disability in the 2030 agenda. Not only the physical disability, the SDGs expresses its concern about mental disability as well and mentions the vulnerability in persons more than six times [8]. The SDGs that mentions the disability inclusive development directly are- Goal 4 which discusses about building equal, accessible and guaranteed education for every children by creating inclusive environment for learning. it also mentions to provide the assistance, disabled people needed to thrive. Goal 8, which discusses about the equal economic growth and providing equal opportunity and access to disabled person in job market. The goal 10 sets the parameter and discusses about emphasizing the political, social and economic inclusion of disabled people. The goal 11 discusses about creating equal condition for disabled people for living, travel, and other topics by creating cities with accessible water resources. For travel, the transport has to be sustainable to provide safe, accessible and green public space. Finally, the goal 17, that defines the importance of data collection and monitoring of the SDGs and emphasizes on the Disability disaggregated data [9]. SDGs support to Disability inclusive development in all the countries SDGs five goals are directly inclusive of people with disability and is proposed to implement the goals for the betterment of these people. Partner countries are trying their best to implement these goals and one such process is application of Washington group questions that helps to gather the data about disability. It is a set of six questions, which can help to gather the information about people with disability. Almost 50 countries has included these questions in their consensus questions and are getting positive results [10]. Other countries have their internal methods to implement these goals in their territory. Implication of SDGs for government in developed and developing countries The sustainable development goals were difficult to implement in so many countries as these new goals needed to be implemented only after making some changes in the current policies. Governments of those countries, who were to adapt to the SDG indicators, targets and goals had to implement changes in their existing laws and their national situations. Countries has set up different groups to follow up the process of implementation of SDG in their territory. The strength of this process is the honest moves that are implemented to include the disabled people in the mainstream [11]. Governments are changing their policies for education, food and shelter, employment and providing the disabled with equal rights for all these basic needs for their sustainable development. nearly one third of the 58 million out-of-school students are disabled hence, such countries are applying the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), according to which, mental and psychological di sability also need to be provided with all the help physically disabled person is provided with [12]. Further, for the governments, disability is not only about physical or mental disability, disability is concerned in case of gender inequality; food; hunger; poverty and disability to live like a middleclass able person. Hence, governments are applying the amendments of CRPD and trying to make possible changes in their legislative system to smoothly operate the rules. Implication of SDGs for non-governmental organization in developed and developing countries The role of Non-governmental organizations in implication of sustainable development goals are very important as they work as a system to review the laws, the government is preparing. disability, as it is previously discussed can be of many types, disability to eat, stay healthy, disability to educate and employment, is as adverse as the physical and mental disability [13]. Furthermore, it is evident that these social conditions are one of the reasons for the disability the world is facing. Non-governmental organization plays very important role as they help the community with all their basic needs such as medication, diagnosis, basic education and many more. As the timeframe and pace of achieving the goals are different for developed and developing countries, only private sector has the ability to bring strength and capacity to those countries to implement the SDGs for disabled inclusive development [14]. The strength of these non-governmental organizations are they are attached wit h several national and international organizations, hence in case of any problem or corruption, the organization can raise its voice internationally to protect the rights of disabled. However, the weakness is their less power compared to the governmental organization. Implication for stakeholders The role of stakeholders is very important to implement the proposed amendments in order to comply with the sustainable development goals proposed as goal 2030. The proper meaning of disability inclusive development is that every disabled person will be provided with the equal opportunities for education, work, healthcare justice and protection. The government will perform its duty by amending new policies and laws to support the disabled, whereas the non-governmental organization will help by raising their voices and amending those laws on their own. Finally, it is the duty of the stakeholders to implement the changes. People with disability, healthcare professionals, caregivers and education and health service providers are the one who can bring change to implement the SDGs in society [15]. They can participate in the formation and implementation phase of law, which is non-discriminating and equal. They need to be vocal about their own rights and should demand their basic needs rig htfully. The prime strength of such stakeholders are their unity, which help them to strengthening governance. However, the weakness in inability to bring such stake holders together. Stakeholders are a part of society and if the SDGs were affecting their own life, they would not be able to support that. secondly, as the developing countries like India and Bangladesh are living with such situations for many years, the prime stakeholders are not been able to connect to the SDGs for their betterment and feeling left out. Hence, absence of strong will power to make changes in their own life is another weakness [16]. Several developed countries has started implementing new policies to comply with SDGs. India, for example, has allotted 10 to 15 percent of its annual budget for the welfare of disabled. The government of India has increased the reservation rate of disables in education and employment field and has started new transport systems for the travel convenience of the disabled per son [17]. Assessment method to make these goals possible to achieve For developing countries, it is very important to assess the implemented policies to apply SDGs for disability inclusive development. Implementation of new policies and amending those in the workforce is important step to include the disabled in the mainstream population. However, the amount of services they are achieving or the rules are properly helping them or not can only be known after a proper evaluation is carried out. Choosing a particular data collection method can be tricky as collection method depends upon the information needed to evaluate [18]. Using existing data will be useful for situation analysis or initial project design. Rapid assessment for disability (RAD) is one of the major tools that is used to estimate the presence of disabled person in a pool of population. Further, it helps to create a baseline study among adults, to support the design, implementation and evaluation of the project. This assessment method consist of a set of quantitative questionnaires that is either household or individual surveys. Several countries has also included the Washington group short questions in their survey to assess the disability inclusive development in their country [19]. The data gathering and measurement tools, developed countries use are population census, sample survey and administrative collections and registries. The advantages of using these techniques to collect the data are its availability. The data in this process can be tabulated for small geographical areas as the target population at risk are generally colonized in such places. The data measurement tools are chosen according to the data collection tool, for example if the collection tools are individual specific, then the data measurement tool should be individual as well [20]. The needs of disability data gathering Around 15 percent of the world population is living with disability (1 billion). 80 percent of these disabled person lives in developing countries, in which 22 percent are in poorest communities. Hence, disability is present in every developing program the SDG is working on [21]. Despite of several progressive and developing projects for disabled people, they are not been provided with the positive outcomes of these schemes. Hence, measurement tools are important. To include the disabled in the mainstream, it is important to understand the discrimination and politics they face on the ground level. Without the understanding, it is ineffective to implement any development program or disability inclusion strategy [22]. Lack of data about disability prevalence often causes the exclusion of such people from the developmental goals. Due to the lack of prevalence data, people with disability are underestimated, even in the official reports and statistics, which can make disability inclusion, appear less of a priority. Laws that need to be changed around the world for disabled Every country has its own laws and policies that are implemented to provide the population with justice. However, it is seen that disabled are always neglected in every countries. Therefore, a common change in the law of those countries need to be amended to change the scenario. The United Nations Convention on the Right of Person with Disability (CRPD) is a set of rules or policies, which helps to bring a paradigm shift in the policies of the participating nations [23]. This law generally focuses on the educational, food and employment aspect of living and focuses on securing these basic needs in their life. Pros and cons about human right based approach in the disability inclusive development Despite of the fact that Human rights helps to strengthen the voice of people and help them to get their rights, there is a negative side of it as well. To successfully implement the sustainable development goals for disabled inclusive development by 2030, human rights are a very important way. The pros and cons of human rights for the advocacy of disabled are mentioned below: In developed countries, where the nation is struggling for its political grounds, mass population issues, it is difficult for the disables to raise their voice for their own rights. Human rights lays a major role in this case and help those people with justice by providing them with the basic needs of their life [24]. On the other hand, the cons of human rights are for the poor developing countries, where not only disabled but also the entire community is struggling for their rights. In such situation, if the nation is concerned about only disables and neglects others, that will be unethical as well. Suggestions to achieve SDG by 2030 The developed countries are setting up benchmarks to implement the SDGs for the improvement of disabled in their country. They are doing their best to improve the quality education, employment, reduced inequality and to create sustainable cities and colonies to let these people live their normal life [25]. The developed countries has focused three aspects of disability and are working on it. These are disability due to age, disability due to disease and mental disability. Several old age homes and intervention centers have been created to help people with age related disability. To overcome the mental disability, people medication system has been issued to the local governments. Finally, to improve the disease related issues, public hospitals are instructed to provide the disables with free quality healthcare [26]. Few suggestions that need to amend by the developing countries to achieve the SDG by 2030 are: All the countries should create a disability exert group. The prime role of this group will be to ensure the inclusion of policies for disabled in every key initiatives or schemes. The countries should focus on creating guidelines to include the disabled from all over the nation so that, they can avail the benefits. Like developed countries, developing countries should also empower the officials to carry out census or data collection regarding the disabled. a consensus need to be built to apply this model throughout the state. Governments should focus on secondary aspects that can lead to disability such as poverty, sanitation, health education. This will help to change the mindset of the population. Conclusion The world always bears a negligence attitude against the disabled people. During the millennium development goals or MDG, not a single development goal was mentioned to help the people with disability or for their betterment in future. Furthermore, on September 25 2015, a common development goal was set by the UNGA for 2030. This sustainable development goal finally focuses on the need of the disabled and dedicated five goals that includes the basic needs of these people and urge the nations to take pledge for their development. Goal 4, 8, 10, 11 and 17 was vocal about the different basic need of disabled such as food, shelter, education employment and security. In many countries, it is difficult for disabled to communicate or thrive inside a community where everybody is normal. In this situation, SDG and its associated human rights are the only way to let them avail their rights. Therefore, the developed and developing countries should utilize their governmental and non-governmental institutions to help the people in need. In this discussion, the implications regarding the SDGs for developed and developing countries has been mentioned with their pros and cons. the process by which the developed countries collect the data and measure the disability has been mentioned with the need of collection and measurement. Finally, the pros and cons of the human right based approach to include disability in the mainstream population has been mentioned. Suggestions for the developing countries to achieve the goal by 2030 has been put up. References Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [Internet]. Un.org. 2017 [cited 2 November 2017]. Available from: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_70_1_E.pdf Taylor S, Williams B, Magnus D, Goenka A, Modi N. From MDG to SDG: good news for global child health?. Lancet (London, England). 2015 Sep 26;386(10000):1213. Sachs JD. From millennium development goals to sustainable development goals. The Lancet. 2012 Jun 9;379(9832):2206-11. Buse K, Hawkes S. Health in the sustainable development goals: ready for a paradigm shift?. Globalization and health. 2015 Mar 21;11(1):13. Wolbring G, Mackay R, Rybchinski T, Noga J. Disabled people and the post-2015 development goal agenda through a disability studies lens. Sustainability. 2013 Sep 25;5(10):4152-82. Grech S. Disability and development: Critical connections, gaps and contradictions. InDisability in the Global South 2016 (pp. 3-19). Springer International Publishing. Izutsu T, Tsutsumi A, Minas H, Thornicroft G, Patel V, Ito A. Mental health and wellbeing in the Sustainable Development Goals. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2015 Dec 1;2(12):1052-4. Tasmania Department of Health. Dhhs.tas.gov.au. 2017 [cited 2 November 2017]. Available from: https://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/76286/FINAL_PRINTED_VERSION_IN_FC_LOGO_DHHS_DisabilityFrameworkFeb09.pdf DISABILITY INCLUSIVE SDGs. Un.org. 2017 [cited 2 November 2017]. Available from: https://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/sdgs/disability_inclusive_sdgs.pdf Gupta J, Vegelin C. Sustainable development goals and inclusive development. International environmental agreements: Politics, law and economics. 2016 Jun 1;16(3):433-48. Waage J, Yap C, Bel S, Levy C, Mace G, Pegram T, Unterhalter E, Dasandi N, Hudson D, Kock R, Mayhew S. Governing Sustainable Development Goals: interactions, infrastuctures, and institutions. Fitzpatrick JJ. Moral and Ethical Issues in Mental Health. Archives of psychiatric nursing. 2016 Dec 1;30(6):647. Norheim OF, Jha P, Admasu K, Godal T, Hum RJ, Kruk ME, Gmez-Dants O, Mathers CD, Pan H, Seplveda J, Suraweera W. Avoiding 40% of the premature deaths in each country, 201030: review of national mortality trends to help quantify the UN Sustainable Development Goal for health. The Lancet. 2015 Jan 23;385(9964):239-52. Blewitt J. Understanding sustainable development. Routledge; 2014 Jul 25. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=AxIWBAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Implication+of+SDGs+for+non-governmental+organization+in+developed+and+developing+countriesots=-XQ6ez7Gnfsig=Us-Lbr1vdXMBcDT6zwoAyO1ZD0A#v=onepageqf=false Alleyne G, Beaglehole R, Bonita R. Quantifying targets for the SDG health goal. The Lancet. 2015 Jan 17;385(9964):208-9. Education for Sustainable Development Goals Learning Objective [Internet]. Unesdoc.unesco.org. 2017 [cited 2 November 2017]. Available from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002474/247444e.pdf Thornicroft G, Patel V. Including mentalhealth among the new sustainable development goals. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2014;349:g5189. Australian Disability and Development Consortium [Internet]. Addc.org.au. 2017 [cited 2 November 2017]. Available from: https://www.addc.org.au/documents/resources/plan-cbm-nossal_disability-data-collection-practice-note_july2015_1607.pdf Bossel H. Indicators for sustainable development: theory, method, Available from: https://www.ulb.ac.be/ceese/STAFF/Tom/bossel.pdf Shonkoff JP. Building a new biodevelopmental framework to guide the future of early childhood policy. Child development. 2010 Jan 1;81(1):357-67. EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT [Internet]. Usaid.gov. 2017 [cited 2 November 2017]. Available from: https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1865/Oslo_Ed_Summit_DisabilityInclusive_Ed.pdf Taylor SJ, Bogdan R, DeVault M. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons; 2015 Oct 19. Law M, Cooper B, Strong S, Stewart D, Rigby P, Letts L. The person-environment-occupation model: A transactive approach to occupational performance. Canadian journal of occupational therapy. 1996 Apr;63(1):9-23. Walmsley J. Normalisation, emancipatory research and inclusive research in learning disability. Disability Society. 2001 Mar 1;16(2):187-205. Sachs JD, Schmidt-Traub G, Durand-Delacre D. Preliminary Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Index and Dashboard. Sustainable Development Solutions Network. 2016 Feb 15;15. Kanwar A, Cheng R. Getting Practical About SDG 4 in Teacher Education in Africa.

Politic Science Essays - Great Depression In The United States

Politic Science Thursday October 24 1929 is a Day that was later known as "Black Thursday". "Black Thursday" was the day a small crash occurred at the New York stock exchange. However "Black Thursday" Would turn out to be nothing compared to what awaited America and its economy on the following Tuesday. America was about to enter her darkest days the Great Depression. Sena Peterson my great grandmother was just an eighteen-year-old young lady living on her fathers corn farm in Iowa. Far away from New York and the economic problems on Wall Street. Nevertheless, the depression and the falling prices of her farms product would soon affect her in drastic ways the depression would be a hard time for Americans. Monday October 28, 1929. Was a very dark and gloomy day. Thousands of Black Birds landed on Wall Street. The thousand plus birds began to devour any thing they could find to eat. Nearly half of the birds never took flight again. Many of the birds died of exhaustion. This was an ominous sign of the dark and desperate times ahead. America was about to enter its lowest and darkest point in its short history. My great grandma lived on her farm in Iowa oblivious to the fact that her life would soon be changing in drastic ways. She had know idea of what was going on at Wall Street. She had no idea that she was going to have to move. Her family would soon have to start all over in a new place. Tuesday October 29, 1929. This dark day would soon be remembered as "Black Tuesday". The day Americas economy would crumble. The day some investors lost everything even there will to live and jumped out the windows of high rise buildings. Many people believe that the stock market crash was the cause of the depression but that is not entirely true. Although the two events where closely related. By Americans attitude during the 1920's also known as the jazz age. Americans emphasis on having the newest thing or being at the height of fashion was enough to keep the economy going for most of the 20's but that would no last. During the First World War my great grand mothers expanded to keep up with the demand the war created. To do this they got a loan from the bank to purchase the need supplies; machines and the land needed to expand. After the war ended the demand for corn drastically dropped. Consequently, the farm produced an excess product so the price dropped. My great grandfather now had problems paying the bill and making ends meat but he managed for a while. Nevertheless, the lack of money would soon take its toll. The problem with the way America was heading was that income was distributed very unevenly and the portion going to the rich got larger and larger as the 20's progressed. Corporations started to make bigger and bigger profits yet the profits were not passed on to the workers. In addition, in 1926, The Revenue act was passed and it cut taxes by 2/63 for those who made over 1 million dollars a year. Because of these trends in 1929, the top .1 percent of American families had a total income equal to the bottom 42 percent. That meant that the people who paid attention to the ads couldn't afford the new products they wanted. This is when credit was invented. People liked the idea that they didn't have to pay for the product but they still got to keep it and pay later. Credit only put of they day when consumers accumulated so much debt that they couldn't buy new products. My Great Great grandfather had tried his best to make ends meat but he couldn't make a profit. He could no longer pay back his loan to the bank so they foreclosed on his farm. My great grandmother's family now had no source of income and no where to live for them this was the lowest point of the depression and her life. However, this where about get a lot worse for the Peterson family. Because people could no longer afford to buy things there was an over supply and no demand, so prices began to fall like a rock. So they economy became weak because nobody was making money. This is when stocks began to crash and eventually the whole market crashed. Things began to look a lot worse for the Peterson's my great grandmother's father

Marketing Concept Consumer Loyalty essay

Marketing Concept Consumer Loyalty essay Marketing Concept: Consumer Loyalty essay Marketing Concept: Consumer Loyalty essayConsumer loyalty is a feature of subjectively-positive approving consumer attitudes to a company, its brands, products and services, personnel, and other aspects, expressed through commitment. Under a loyal customer, marketers understand a person who makes regular repeat purchases, consumes a wide variety of company’s products, attracts other buyers, and does not respond to competitors’ offers. In general, consumer loyalty to a company largely determines the success of business and its assessment in the eyes of competitors and partners, as well as provides a strong foundation for stable sales. Further, we will focus on the essence of this marketing concept by studying both theoretical understanding and practical applications of loyalty mechanisms.Basically, loyalty is expressed in the fact that a consumer gives preference to company’s goods or services for a considerably long period of time (usually, over 1 year), almost w ithout asking for similar solutions from company’s major competitors. In this case, the concept of loyalty behavior includes the following categories (Reichheld Teal, 2001, p. 41): 1) action factors (purchase); 2) intention (subsequent actions; the probability of repeat purchases); 3) recommendations (the probability of recommendations of other people); 4) sensitivity (insensitivity to the actions of competitors); and 5) inertia (willingness to find other new options). The key force pushing a customer from stage 1 to subsequent stages is a positive experience after acquiring a product. For example, if a consumer is fully satisfied with the quality of a product of a particular company and service by company’s personnel, next time, with the rest factors stable, he/she is highly likely to make the same consumer choice in favor of this brand (further, we won’t consider the basic preconditions of loyalty, assuming that a company is competitive enough to provide them ). Besides, this favorable attitude will also be transferred to all the new products of the company. Furthermore, the strategy of strengthening customer loyalty is justified through the recent research results showing that the attraction of one new customer costs 5-10 times more than retaining an existing one (Reichheld Teal, 2001, p. 137), while a satisfied customer typically informs an average of 3 friends about a successful purchase, and an unsatisfied client shares one’s annoyance with about 10 friends (Reichheld Teal, 2001, p. 151).From the standpoint of company’s financial success, consumer loyalty leads to the following results (basing on Reichheld Teal, 2001; Dooley, 2011; and Velzquez et al., 2011):1) consumers become less sensitive to price, which means that a product (or service) can be charged at a higher price without the risk of losing the part of the turnover;2) the cost of sales to existing customers is lower than sales to the new ones. As a result, company’s profitability may grow up, even though the price is pulled down. In this case, a client can be offered a range of additional services (products) on the basis of cross-selling, thereby increasing the turnover of the company. Indeed, as Hallberg (1995) states, approximately 80% of their incomes companies receive from 20% of their customers, whereas the increase in the share of regular customers by only 5% results in the profit increase by 50% or even more (Reichheld Teal, 2001, p. 213).That is why, today more and more companies come to the idea of creating and implementing measures aimed at strengthening customer loyalty, primarily by means of personalized sales. For this purpose, companies provide the opportunities leaving feedback through which their consumers articulate their complaints or questions about the quality of a product/service, as well as introduce special programs to encourage consumption such as various seasonal discounts, gift certificates, birthday presents and sales on national holidays. Another effective approach is the development accumulative cards or club memberships for consumers.The latter method allows companies to not only attract new customers, but also greatly improve the quality of interaction with regular partners. One of the world’s first programs of this kind was the AAdvantage developed by American Airlines, which guaranteed passengers a substantial discount on next ticket after accumulating a certain number of miles. Today, similar programs are widely adopted in key airline services, as well as in hotel and restaurant chains. In a subconscious fear to lose alluring opportunities, consumers vigorously collect their loyalty points. As a result, Hilton clients rarely switch for Marriott (Velzquez et al., 2011). Studies have shown that loyalty programs using some type of bonus cards result in a decrease in consumer turnover by 30%, and an increase in the volume of business by 10%, while holding only 5% of t he total number of customers over time lead to 25-85% increase in profit obtained from them (Reichheld Teal, 2001, p. 183-87). At the same time, as Velzquez et al. (2011, p. 70) rightfully claim, bonus programs may be easily copied and therefore cannot provide a decisive competitive advantage.According to Garth Hallberg (1995), differentiated marketing strategy should also involve highly profitable direct communication and feedback based on efficient database systems. For instance, such large companies as Procter Gamble and Kraft Foods have already collected databases numbering more than 40 million records of individual households (Rungie et al., 2013, p. 1672), and the effectiveness of this strategy is proved experimentally. In particular, studies show a significant increase in the positive image of the brand and the volume of its purchases by those customers who have participated in direct communication programs on increasing loyalty. A typical program aimed at potentially high- profit consumers leads to an increase in sales inside this group by nearly 25% (Dean, 2007, p. 165). It is also important to mark that a substantial increase in company’s fame, image and frequency of purchases in the case of direct communication with consumers had a long-term effect. In many studies (Reichheld Teal, 2001; Dean, 2007; Rungie et al., 2013), changes were recorded even 2-3 months after the program implementation, while about 80% of the U.S. television audience cannot remember a particular advertisement they have seen the day before.On the other hand, in their long-term perspective, bonus cards turn to be unprofitable, and direct communication is often annoying. In this regard, one of the most vivid examples of an effective strategy is Apple, Inc., known for its most loyal customers. Despite several considerable declines, Apple has managed to achieve unprecedented loyalty by competently playing on â€Å"tribal instincts†. This amazing loyalty was surely bu ilt of many factors including advanced design, original products and technologies, user experience, creative marketing, etc. However, there is also an unexpected element, which, according to Roger Dooley (2011), played one of the key roles: the creation of an enemy to compete with. In its marketing fights with Samsung, Apple has been persistently building the social image of Apple users, which would differ dramatically from the rest of consumers. The result of using basic social archetypes was the emergence of Apple cult. Similar contradistinction strategy also used to be applied by such competitors as Nike and Adidas, IBM and Microsoft.Here, basing on Rungie et al. (2013) and Dooley (2011), a current trend should be stressed again: contemporary consumers react positively primarily on companies offering ideas â€Å"beyond known†, i.e. new technologies and bold features. Other non-material forms of consumer loyalty strengthening may involve company’s transparent policie s, clear corporate social responsibility policy, green and eco-saving innovations, newly discovered ways to connect on media, possibilities of the uniqueness of samples or their full compliance to individual specific requirement, as well as their multifunctionality. For instance, the Sportline Company has recently invented an interactive bottle equipped with a display. The smart vessel not only dispenses liquid, but also tells the time of the next portion, and demonstrates current indicators to monitor the level of water need in the body. The Life cycle of such products might be short, but the loyalty accompanying will be high proportionally. Attracted by markets gamification, consumers are often ready to follow their idols to the end.In sum, a loyal customer is always valuable in financial terms: he/she regularly buys company’s products, attracts new customers, requires much less attention, is already familiar with the company’s range of products and offerings, as wel l as more resistant to price fluctuations and is prone to overpay a little rather than buy unfamiliar goods. Therefore, the crucial task for any company consists in consumer retention, the inadmissibility of consumer’s departure to company’s competitor. In this regard, consumer devotion should be rewarded with an excellent service, personal attention, personalized discounts, bonuses, and gifts, in a row with relevant policies on constructing consumer’s social image, and considering personal feedbacks, interests and tastes in developing new product lines.

10 Tips for Taking Notes

10 Tips for Taking Notes 10 Tips for Taking Notes 10 Tips for Taking Notes By Maeve Maddox Winston writes: On my job, part of my responsibility is doing transcription. Often I attend scientific meetings and have to [take notes]. The notes/minutes are written as indirect quotes. Can you please give some guidance on taking meeting notes and minutes? The purpose of taking minutes at a meeting is to create a record that can be used later to verify what took place. Minutes need to be accurate, but they dont need to be lengthy. My suggestions are based on the idea that the notes are going to be handwritten. 1. Keep your notes together. Use a bound notebook like a school composition book. Loose sheets of paper are easy to lose and its easy to tear out the wrong page in a spiral notebook. 2. Have more than one pen or pencil with you. 3. Sit close to the podium or wherever most of the speaking will take place. 4. Have a clear idea of what you plan to do with the notes youre taking. The purpose of a conference-goer is not the same as that of a club secretary. 5. Take advantage of the kindness of others. For example, if youre taking notes for a club or a business meeting, pass around a sheet for attendance. Ask officers and members to give you copies of their reports and motions. 6. Follow the agenda. Begin by noting the place of the meeting and the time at which it begins. Take things down as they happen. You can always rearrange things in a more logical order when you type up your notes. 7. Write down the exact words for motions. 8. Write legibly. Write as fast as you can, but dont scribble. If you dont know shorthand, youll need to use your own symbols and abbreviations. Dont be too creative. What you meant by AGMP may not be so obvious the day after the meeting. 9. Be accurate. Spell everyones name correctly. If youre taking notes in a chemistry course, youd better get the names of the chemicals right. If necessary, buttonhole people after the meeting to double check on anything youre not sure of. 10. Type up your notes as soon as possible after the meeting. Cold notes are hard to decipher. Type them up the same day if possible. Bonus tip from Sharon in a previous DWT post. Here are some web sources that go into the subject in more detail: Taking notes at a business meeting Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" Latin Words and Expressions: All You Need to KnowIs "Number" Singular or Plural?

Analysis of Hong Hong Property Market and Suggested Policies Thesis

Analysis of Hong Hong Property Market and Suggested Policies - Thesis Example (Rovnick 2012). This research essay will look into Hong Kong’s property market in general , its history , its earlier booms and bursts , HK government’s role in planning the housing policy , the reasons for skyrocketing prices of housing in HK , how to overcome the future housing burst and suggested reforms to be introduced in the HKs housing policies with a detailed analysis of HKs housing market scenario and will suggest suitable policy reforms in the sector. Due to its hilly topography, the development of housing in Hong Kong has always been viewed as challenging. Hong Kong, in the early years, remained as a trading port and hence, housing developments in Hong Kong were concentrated on both sides of Victoria Harbour. In the early days, there was an upsurge in demand for housing due to the continuous influx of immigrants thereby giving rise to the surfacing of tenement building, into which many households were stuffed. After the Japanese invasion of China in 1937, there was an influx of 750,000 refugees immediately following the four years of that invasion in Hong Kong, which deteriorated the scenario of housing in the region. Due to availability of limited housing and just for a bed space, those who were residing in the crowded tenement building had to pay abnormal rents. Those who could not afford to pay high rents had to take shelter in crude and simple squatter huts constructed upon hillsides or on rooftops. Due to the civil war in China between 1947 and 1949, more than 1, 00, 000 people sought for refugee status in HK and the population of HK was reported to be around 2 million at that time. Due to this, all the present accommodations were fully occupied, and yet more peoples crowded into the spacious quarter provinces on the hills. It was projected that 300,000 people resided in squatter huts across the Kowloon peninsula and the hills of Hong Kong Island during 1950s. On

Diagnosis Related Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diagnosis Related Groups - Essay Example A patient is assigned this category of DRG when all the operating room procedures performed on this patient are unrelated to the major diagnostic category of the patient's principal diagnosis. DRG 468 thus pays for discharge in which the patient undergoes an operating room procedure entirely unrelated to this admission's principal diagnosis. This is against the PPS classification of discharges of clinically coherent groups. Although this is possible in some cases, DRG 468 can be an example of DRG creep. The attending physician may misspecify the principal diagnosis, secondary diagnosis, or the procedure on the attestation sheet. It can also be the result of miscoding, where the hospital assigns an incorrect numeric code to the diseases or procedures which had been correctly attested by the physician in charge. In some cases to avoid investigation, the hospital may substitute a secondary diagnosis for the correct principal diagnosis. Therefore for appropriation of facts, auditing and review is necessary that would identify discharges in which coding rules are either ignored or not applied appropriately. DRG 468 is assigned when all the operating room procedures are unrelated to the major diagnostic category for which the patient had been admitted. Most often, these patients are admitted with a principal diagnosis that does not need any surgery. ... To assess the appropriateness, the ICD-9-CM coding guidelines should be applied to do the initial coding and for auditing if such has been used. The principal diagnosis is always the reason for admission, which should be backed by records indicating circumstances at admission, diagnostic workup, and therapy provided. The scenario is not an admission of the patient to treat two conditions, it is rather two conditions present during admission. While auditing and reviewing, it is to be determined whether the principal diagnosis was the reason for admission and treatment. If at admission, there were more than one diagnoses, use of guidelines for selecting the principal diagnosis would be used with consideration of circumstances at admission, diagnosis workup, and the therapy provided. The principal procedure must be performed for definitive treatment, not for diagnostic purposes, exploratory purposes, or for a complication. If there are two procedures done, then the one most related to t he principal diagnosis would be selected as the principal procedure. The procedure must be significant as defined by the Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set would be used, and for this to qualify, it must be surgical under anesthesia with the operator being specially trained. The audit must look at the detailed documentation in the medical record. There must be enough proof and substantiation that it was medically necessary. The coding should be done from the narrative description of the procedure, not from the written title of the procedure. The approach and closure of the procedure are integral part of one significant procedure, not two separate