Material and Ideological Conditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Material and Ideological Conditions - Essay Example In developing world, the GDP is low. This implies that the earnings of most people cannot sustain them. Low living standards leads to poor diet and impoverished health. Economic history focuses on survival issues and viable solutions to be implemented. Struggle for existence is common in the developing world while the developed world lives in comfort. Despite the comfort, there are issues that need to be addressed as far as survival is concerned. Some communities face poverty but are economically independent. A material life is experienced in other parts of the world like in New York. Life in such like areas is characterized by dependence on others. Most are untrained in rigorous activities of life like farming, repair of machines and hunting, among others. This is a paradox. The richer a nation the more it will be vulnerable. Rich nations will therefore need poor nations to survive. The solution to its problems results to division of labor (Freud et al 52). According to this scenari o, man is the source of all his economic problems. Kit 16: Resistance and Repression- Civilizations and its Discontents by Freud, Sigmund Civilization has improved in every century. Technological advances have created demand for wealth. This has developed other social issues that the society needs to address. Besides, experience has taught these psychoanalysts that various individuals opt to sit in strategic positions, in their endeavor to evade access to this form of treatment. This significantly assists in the patients’ understanding of their inner self, hence significantly aiding in rapid recovery. Above that, the psychologists claim that some patients possibly will break the cooperation rule, thereby leading them into becoming lonely, claiming that some challenges are their personal opinion, citing that these experiences are confidential, and as such, they need not to disclose them. Additionally, people may not be willing to air all their predicaments and keep some of the ir challenges to themselves. In such cases, the psychologists have no authority to intervene and may only encourage the patient into airing all his predicaments. Moreover, it is usually inadvisable to permit the patients to break the rules of such psychological sessions, since they only produce results that the psychoanalyst is unsatisfied with. Individuals with other varieties of neurosis, including obsession are known to disregard the rules of these sessions, based on their unaccounted doubts. However, sufferers of anxiety are renowned for the relentless adherence to the rules of such sessions. Besides, the psychologists ought to compel the patients to adhere to these rules, and with patience and perseverance, they manage to achieve this (Freud et al 331). This considerably aids in ascertaining the success of such sessions. Various Diseases resulting from warfronts lead to traumatic neuroses, as well as an accord the contiguous of neurotics. The distressing patients provide an app arent sign, showing that an obsession during the distressing disaster lies at their derivations. These patients habitually duplicate the distressing circumstances in their imaginings. The subsistence of comatose mental courses is revealed in the fixation actions of these patients. Discontentment in civilization has prompted several diseases to human kind, making life even more unbearable. Inequality causes many to develop illness. In search for a solution, religion is thought

Environmental Health Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Health Assessment - Essay Example E.J). Mold formation can be seen in various places - indoor and outdoor. The commonly found species of molds are Aspergillus, Stachybotrys, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Pencillium, Memnoniella, Alternaria, Mucor and Mycotoxins (Mold Types - Common Species of Mold. 2008, Mold Removal Unit. 2003). Of these, Stachybotrys and Memnoniella are very toxic and the others are common house molds. They require moist cellulose areas like wet wood, paper and cotton to grow (Mold Removal Unit. 2003.) .Mold is usually spotted on moist open areas like wet walls, open water in/outlets, leaking walls, decaying plants, wet soil, wet carpet etc (Mold Types - Common Species of Mold. 2008, Mold Removal Unit. 2003 ). Though there are many methods prevailing that can detect some types of mold, they are not 100% efficient due to the following factors: Mold detection does not imply that it should be removed. Though health advisors / conscious people would prefer that molds be removed effectively once it is detected, there’s no legal obligation for the same except in few countries (Testing for Mold. 2008.) Owing to the possible environment health hazards of molds and growing public concerns & litigations over molds, the Toxic Mold Protection Act of 2001 (Mold Bill) and United States Toxic Mold Safety and Protection Act of 2003 (The Melina Bill) were formed in the United States. The Mold Bill, though not a law, has asked the Department of Health Services (DHS) of California to organize a special team consisting of medical and health experts, mold removal experts, government representatives, representatives from Californian companies and workers, and affected consumers and industries. The team will analyse the possible health hazards due to various types and intensity of molds and set criteria for estimation, detection and remediation of mold. The team was to be effective from 2002. Due

Strategic Position Sabmiller Company Commerce Essay

Strategic Position Sabmiller Company Commerce Essay SABMiller company has a positive strategy to promote the quantity and productivity of major markets, optimize and expand an established position in the market of developing countries, seeking value-added opportunities to strengthen its position as a global beer manufacturer in the international premium beer segment develop their own brand, and actively participate in the ongoing consolidation in the industry. SABMillers success depends on its strategic focus: a balanced and attractive global business, a strong brand portfolio and expand its operations worldwide activities in the relevant market, the style of performance appraisal, the development of a strong relevant market. 1.1.1 Corporate acquisition Acquisition a brand or a business is a way that can improve the companys competitiveness and increase its market share. For the SABMiller, if it buys a brand or business, it can acquire a new turnover. It can gain new locations as well as factories and shops. Not only that, but it will gain new products and technology enabling itself to enter a new market. By the way, corporate acquisition can also give SABMiller other benefits, such as, increased value generation, increase in cost efficiency and increase in  market share. So a good and right acquisition plan for the future of the SABMillers strategic position is very important. 3 1.1.2 Foreign operations For an international organization, like SABMiller, foreign market and operations are more important than locations. Foreign operations can reduce unit costs, spread economic risks and absorb excess capacity over a wider number of markets. Foreign operations can allow firms to set up production facilities of lower cost in locations close to raw materials and cheap labor. For example, china has a huge market share, SABMiller can enter Chinese beer market by some operations, and build factories in different cities, hire local labors to reduce costs. So SABMillers strategic position should more tend to foreign operations rather than local operations. 1.2 A new vision Nowadays SABMillers vision is to be the most admired company in the global beer industry, that including investment of choice, employer of choice, partner of choice. In the future, SABMiller can develop a new vision that to be the most innovation and technology company in the global beer industry. 1.2.1 Mission statement For the customers, SABMiller is staying responsive to consumers changing needs and desires are central to competitive success. Their products face competition from rival brands and from other types of leisure activity: if we fail to offer customer and consumers the best price, quality and service, the business will suffer and with it the wealth we create for all stakeholders. 4 For the products, SABMiller has a rigorous, group-wide approach to quality control and product safety. On most sites this is based around external standard system, such as ISO, NOSA. For the technology, water scarcity, low energy costs due to large-scale investment in fossil fuel alternatives. SABMiller has been researching how to make more beer using less water and reduce their energy and carbon footprint. For the concern of employees, SABMiller seeks to be a preferred employer. Employee development SABMiller seeks to create an environment in which all individuals and teams may develop their full potential for the benefit of themselves and the group. Employee diversity SABMiller companies understand and respect the wide range of human diversity in which they operate and encourage inclusiveness with regard to human resource practices, irrespective of (among others) nationality, race, gender and physical disabilities. 1.2.2 Strategic objective In the SABMiller, there are four major strategic objectives: creating a balanced and attractive global spread of businesses, developing strong, relevant brand portfolios that win in the local market, constantly raising the profitability of local businesses, Leveraging our skills and global scale. 1.3 Strategic options 5 There are three strategic options for SABMiller: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚  Product development à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡Market development à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¢Diversification Porters Generic Strategies Cost leadership à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   Differentiation à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¢ Cost focus à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ Differentiation focus à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ Ansoffs Matrix Market penetration Product development à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   Market development à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ Diversification à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¢ The Bostons BCG Matrix Stars à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   Question marks à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¢ Cash cows à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ Dogs Option à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   (Product development): Product development strategy, it is to point to in the current market by the improvement of current products or develop new products to expand sales strategy. Product development strategy can avoid enterprise temporarily, optionally, blind development and into some no market value of the products, and ignore that really can improve competitiveness in the market of products opportunity. Product development strategy is the enterprise product development of military road map to guide product development direction and road signs. 6 Analysis using Generic Strategies : For the product development, the most important thing is not developing new products but improving current products. So the best way is choosing cost leadership, reducing the cost of product as much as possible. SABMiller should focus on manufacturing cost and staff cost. As a beer company, SABMiller can research new technology that use less water to produce more beer. Then, they can build their factories in developing countries, such as Indian, China and Malaysia, using cheap labor to reduce the cost. Analysis using Ansoffs Matrix: SABMiller can extend its product by producing different variants, or packaging existing products it in new ways. Develop related products or services, shorten its time to market, or improve customer service or quality. Analysis using BCG Matrix: The further development of star product is the most important. In the SABMiller, there are at least five beers brands that are popular in South Africa, Miller Genuine Draft, Pilsner Urquell, Peroni, Amstel and Castle Light Lager. These five beers occupy the 75 percent market share in South Africa. So constantly expanding the market and improving these star products are the main strategies to SABMiller. Option à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ (Market development): Market development strategy is the enterprise in the complex market environment, to achieve specific marketing objectives and design of the long-term, stable action plan, form the guidance 7 enterprise marketing global goal and management policy. Market development strategy is the unity of the goal and means. No goal, we have no way, no strategic measures, the goal is not possible. Analysis using Generic Strategies : In the market development, SABMiller should use focus strategy, cost focus and differentiation focus. For the cost focus, SABMiller can try its best to decrease the cost, then they can decrease the price of their products, it is a good way to keep customers loyalty and get more new customers. For the differentiation focus, suppliers have power due to low volumes, but a differentiation-focused firm is better able to pass on supplier price increase. Analysis using Ansoffs Matrix: SABMiller can target different geographical markets, use different marketing channels, such as direct sales or online, if you through the trade selling, target different groups of people, perhaps with different genders or age groups from your normal customers. Analysis using BCG Matrix: In the field of product produce large amounts of cash, but the future growth prospects are limited. This is a leader of mature market, it is the source of enterprise cash. As the market has matured, the enterprise need not a lot of investment to expand the size of the market, at the same time as the market leader, this business enjoy economies of scale and high marginal profit advantages, thus brings to the enterprise to large amounts of cash flow. Enterprise often uses cash cows business to pay for the account 8 and support other business that need a large amount of cash. Cash cows for the business strategic framework mentioned stable strategy, purpose is to keep the market share of the SBUs. Option à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¢ (Diversification): Diversification involves growing the scope of products or markets served by an organization. Related diversification involves diversifying into products or services with relationships to the existing business. Analysis using Generic Strategies: A differentiation strategy for SABMiller products and competitors products that have significant differences to form the distinctive characteristics. SABMiller highlights the differences between its own products and competitors. Analysis using Ansoffs Matrix: Diversification can be a good choice, for SABMiller, but compared to other options, it is not very attractive. In fact, SABMiller is a publicly traded company that can manage their own portfolio harder for real portfolio management as a shareholder. It can work in favor of the SABMiller manufacturer, if you can add enterprise, the portfolio can support and complement its core beer business. Analysis using BCG Matrix: Diversification is to reduce the risk of investment, but it also has risk. So we should use question marks to analysis these diversified investment, a good investment can make products become to stars or cash cows but a bad investment can also mean that the investment is fail. If 9 SABMiller produce a new beer, it should analysis whether this beer can occupy the market share and have high growth. 1.4 Recommendation Above those three strategic options, I will recommend market development to SABMiller. SABMiller achieved great success in South Africa market, but to the world, the biggest market is China. Chinese customers consume forty-five million seven hundred and sixty thousand tons beer each year. If SABMiller can choose a correct market development strategy in China, it will get a greater development. 1.5 Conclusion The key point to SABMillers success is its management of strategic brand and its brand portfolio. But in the future, it has to face more challenge and competitive. SO SABMiller should continue improving its strategy, developing innovation and technology.

Der Euro, Unser Geld :: Euro Money Finances Essays

Der Euro, Unser Geld On January 1, 2002, it was the talk of the town, the talk of the world, actually. The Euro – the largest financial creation known to our modern world. Living in Germany during this momentous transition has provided for interesting insight into the Euro’s true impression on the people. Of course, the change from using the deutsch Mark to using the Euro was not the only real impact. It is the deeper financial integration with 11 other countries that permeates and concerns the minds of the Germans. The physical transition of the currency ran very smoothly. Overnight, ATM machines here were fully â€Å"Euro† competent, and bank personnel were trained to handle questions and problems that could arise. Fortunately, with the exchange rate having been locked in at almost 2 (1.95583) Marks to 1 Euro, the math conversion has been relatively simple for the average person. And along with many product prices having been published in both Marks and Euros for several months, most Germans have experienced few problems with the turnover. For a country whose people are said to travel more often outside of their borders than inside, using new bills and coins has not been a chore. From the beginning of October, the government sent heavy Euro advertising around the entire country. Posters were plastered everywhere displaying the new currency, the various adaptations by each country (all coins have a common front, while each country prints its own back), and information on where to go for questions. Advertisements were seen everywhere, boasting â€Å"Der Euro Kommt† (The Euro is coming) or â€Å"Der Euro, Unser Geld† (The Euro, Our Money). Therefore, within the last three months of the Mark’s existence, the atmosphere seemed to be that of excitement. Euro Starter Kits, including the new coins, became publically available in December, giving everyone a chance to both join in on the excitement and also ease themselves into this new step. Now, people are thrilled when they receive a coin printed in Portugal or Holland that has already made its way over to Germany. Naturally, in a capitalist country, many businesses took advantage of the change to sell new products, and in turn, generated more publicity for the Euro. For example, children can now play the beautiful EuroMonopoly, complete with simulation currency and in which buying Water Works now translates into buying the European Parliament and buying streets now translates into buying European countries.

Bystanders need to make a change and take action Essay

â€Å"You can`t wake person who is pretending to be asleep†-Navajo Proverb People act as if nothing is happening when they do not want to face the reality of the situation by pretending to be unaware or unsure despite being presented with the evidence. Many people now a days, perform actions which may seem like they are participating in an activity but in reality they are just watching. People do not focus on the situation itself, but they focus on their surroundings. They understand that they might be in a difficult position although they try to avoid it. Some situations where humans experience themselves being in one place physically and having themselves in a different spot mentally are when people are being bystanders. Bystanders are people who are present in an event or incident but do not participate or act upon it. Bystanders have always been a part of the world’s natural occurrences. The bystander effect has occurred in history intensively up to this period of t ime. The bystander effect has been present in the Holocaust, the Partition of India and Pakistan and Barack Obama being appointed as the first African-American president. The bystander effect occurred all the way back to the 1900’s, during the time of World War 2. There was a destructive event that took place, it was called The Holocaust. The Holocaust was a great devastation sacrifice completed with fire. It was systematic mass slaughter of European Jews by the Nazi government and advocators. During this period of time, 6 million lives were taken. They were at their most efficient from April to November 1942 – 250 days in 2 which they murdered two and a half million Jews (http://www.facinghistory.org).. The governments of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union even made a joint statement acknowledging the mass murders for the first time. Yet, they continued to do nothing to stop or prevent more innocent deaths (http://www.facinghistory.org). The allied nations were aware of the deaths of the millions of innocent Jews but being informed about the scenario they continued to avoid the situation. Being people with higher authorities, the allied nations could have prevented or stopped this disaster from taking place. But they did not want to get themselves into a problem and create conflicts for their own countries. They were afraid that if they did not support the bully, they would be the next  victim. As innocent people were getting murdered in Germany, in India near that same period of time innocent people were being raped. In August 1947, the partition of British India took place. This event was life altering for millions of people. After the British parted from India, the creation of two countries raised India and Pakistan. This catastrophe was known for the abduction, rape and abuse towards women. In 1950, Menon and Bhasin wrote, the â€Å"official estimate† for numbers of abducted women stood at 50,000 Muslims in India and 33,000 Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistan (http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org). Women of different ethnicities, age and social classes were all victimized, raped and tormented. The men would also publicly molest the women to make them feel traumatized and disgraced, and people would just watch the awful sin like it is casual and not do anything to stop what is happening. The stories of these abductions and rapes caused panic; in many rural areas familie s reportedly killed their female children to save them from being defiled. Patel recounts numerous incidents of beheading, drowning, burning, and execution by the male head of family in order to â€Å"protect his women†Ã‚  from the threat of dishonour (http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org). People would just stand around and watch men rape women. But nobody did anything, they just stood and patrolled. They watched and encouraged, because she was the opposite religion, she was the enemy. People were discriminated based on their race, culture and religion and currently are being victimized for the same reason. On November 8, 2008 Barack Hussein Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States. This victory introduced many hardships into Obama`s life in views of him being the first ever African-American president of the United States. Because this was a racial alteration in many people’s lives, he was verbally and emotionally attacked with racial violations. Obama has also dodged numerous racist attacks from conservative protestors and personalities. Last year, a group sang â€Å"Bye Bye Blackbird† and waved signs reading â€Å"47 percent Negro† and â€Å"Impeach the half-white Muslim† at one of his speaking events (http://www.usnews.com). In this scenario, there was persistent name calling related to colour, ethnicity, culture or faith. There were many points where hurtful behaviours, both physical and  psychological, made them feel unwelcome, powerless or worthless because of their colour, ethnicity, culture or faith. There were malicious messages and letters sent to Obama and people just continued and joined the others. They thought that since he is the first African American president in the United States, he should not deserve the same equality of right as the pervious white presidents. People trended by making fun of him, and no one did anything to stop it and it still continues to present days. There are many occurrences in life, when people just stand around and observe a situation but do not do anything to stop it, they do not act upon it. The human species is aware that  if they do not stop such catastrophes; they will give others a chance to have a negative perspective on other cultures, ethnicities, and races. Not making this okay, because it will cause many riots in the future. It is time,that bystanders start to make a change and take action for the right thing. Work Cited Brainy Quote, (2014), Navajo Proverb Quotes; Brainy Quote, Web. Feb, 24, 2014. â€Å"Holocaust Bystanders and Upstanders.† Aug 2014. Press, Web. 24 Feb. 2014. . â€Å"India-Pakistan Partition.† 14 Sep 2013. N.p., Web. 24 Feb. 2014. . â€Å"Obama racism.† 2008. United States Publishers, Web. 24 Feb. 2014. . â€Å"Obama Threat.† 2009 . N.p., Web. 24 Feb. 2014. .

The New System Proposal: Riordan Cloud System

We would like to propose a Ordain Cloud system service that will maintain all of your training courses, software update, running diagnostics for Routine systems checks. For long as we all know it will be a lot easier for communication within the organization. What is the Cloud System Service? You can think of portable work station because of the fact you can access is on the World Wide Web or some kind of Wi-If or link. It's continuously available to all users anytime and anywhere on an Internet connection is that allows you to quickly find ATA, information, applications and tools to help you do your Job more efficiently.This cloud system service will allow your company to install from any access point to another access point on your cloud system service site to conduct training with your employees at any time necessary. This new cloud system service will incorporate all of the items that you already have in the work place. The only foreseeable problems will be, having hackers more f requently trying to breech into the system in order to gather information or account details. So as needed to upgrade your servers to the overload of to New System Proposal Page 2 handle the increased workload on them as well upgrading your systems or infrastructure.To make sure no mishaps will happen. Which large portion of your company's resources is making sure that everything and all your systems are install and having the right software updates. And this will be an added savings in being able to store more applications, software, and all need data entry forms for the company and everything else. That is the most important resources that the company needs to have a vast infrastructure. Your Cloud system is going to be a high asset for your business. How do you meet the major demands for speeds and agility while keeping most of the costs down.Build on the foundation of your Cloud system with technologies that increase its responsiveness, support, scaling, deployment of applicatio ns faster, and enable you to identify insights in your rapidly expanding volumes of data. This provides scaling, performance, infrastructure provisioning, power consumption, and security features you need to power your cloud. After all learning material that is needed for the cloud system service, we are guaranteeing that this will go above and beyond all requirements necessary for the true of your company.For the numbers and costs wise, are biggest factors to your the old type of systems. Using this cloud system service will drastically reduce all or any of those numbers and start to raise your workload and performance to achieve the upped most scholar awards to further the best interest for your company. Also will intended to get your company goes into a path off new direction on to newer technology and New System Proposal Page 3 developments to be a vast company.One thing that we trying to accomplish here is when designing this new cloud system service is to have but more and mor e people o the fact numbers and start to raise your workload and performance to achieve the upped most scholar awards to further the best interest for your company. Also will intended to get your company goes into a path of a new direction on to newer technology and developments to be a vast company. One thing that we trying to accomplish here is when designing this new cloud system service is to have but more and more people to the fact that were going to be more portable and on the go.To have a infrastructure is to reciprocate its time for the future to catch up to what we need our company to be. This will be your front line for your workers to have a larger and more accurate objective on when getting work done to they're co- workers liking. For those you whom need the more advance technology to have an in depth training on the systems. This cloud system service will be help accomplish new means of the computer based applications by being more accessible to more people. Then will it get used to it and then which will intend on the patent it or copyright it. Which can increase more Jobs and more revenue in the company.Also will get people more familiar with the yester to expand the infrastructure of the company to see how the company uses the cloud system service to make sure everyone does what there suppose to be doing. We want to have a set up so that you will be more advanced with a technology that hasn't been brought to New System Proposal Page 4 any other company to build a strong and reliable infrastructure to get more business and help no another has success. The application itself will ensure that the employee has understood these system and is ready to implement it to the work the is required by them.And also to make sure that the employees who view it retains he information system. This will also allow the company to reorganize or completely change the lessons in a way Those who need it more easily understand that. I can see that you're going to be asking you, well what about security concerns with the new system. This is why your system will be a will have to update and maximize your infrastructure and server's. The only way to gain access to the cloud system service is to log into your company's Internet service. This is the most secure way without any new procedures and for no reason to install or get a new system.Our first and only goal is ensure that everyone is receiving the training they need and to maintain the vast infrastructure that were trying to imply here to make you the best of all the up keeping that system and gathering all information that goes with it. They will be required to log in with their surname and password that will be set to expire every 90 days. This will prevent any login information from being intercepted by the certain one that is trying to get into the system from the backbone. This will intend to add a fail-safe in which there is an unlikely event that the network is improvised and not detect ed.Then your information will only be available for a limited time before the access is or will be denied by the 90-day change. Also there could be a employee badge to enable to login with using a Pin code or even a thumbprint to ensure New System Proposal Page 5 meets security measures and allow gain access to the server room in which where the cloud server is maintain and located at. The main benefits that are going to be available from this is that were going to be on you own private cloud system everything in maintained in house. Everything that theIT department is going to is strong have reliable infrastructures to make sure every issues can be heavily resourced. As its usage can slowly run all servers running on the same node. With a lack of ease from having a scalable upgraded or downgrading a server will involve manual procedures, which are all fully automated the cloud. They're going to update and provide a sense of readiness to this new environment to help us maintain a go od relation with no one getting inside of the private cloud system that we are prospered to you today.Some are simply ways of doing tasks, which could be accomplished, usually less well, by other means but most cases, the system could not otherwise be accomplished at all. , whereby using the private key, known only, encrypts data to the owning user. It can only be decrypted using the corresponding personal that can only be the IT department. We will not Just make this system available to anybody or by a trusted infrastructure, which enables and supports this. The crucial fact to bear in mind is that if anyone or any person Just walks into the infrastructure has an importance to the system to make sure no one gains access to system.Page 6 Now that we know what the benefits are of using a private infrastructure, let take a look back at our previous statement to where we stated about using the employee's badge as to authenticate the device or a smart card as you will. You may be asking yourself, why go through all the extra trouble of using a smart card or the employee's badge to login into this cloud system to help us to see that it's all done by in house by your people and there eyes-only. Using the private cloud system it will help to ensure that your network and files stay safe and secure from public infrastructure.As far as omen most of the concerns go, this new system will help with the environment. Since we could reuse your current infrastructure this will reduce the amount of waste from older systems being trashed or deleted.. But were are going to have to have an updated servers, sows can't take them and re-use them in our new infrastructure but we may ask you to upgrade your Ethernet. The benefits of having this TO Ethernet cable are many. But more off larger scale that needs to incorporate a vast ton of data and information onto your network so that data may be shared and utilized in real time or over a large distance from the rivers.We feel that this will help your company. From allowing it to use your cloud system service as a system to maintain itself and make sure its working properly with the infrastructure holding a strong common ground to materials. One of the many benefits of the TO Ethernet cable is that there are over a vast number of dedicated channels devoted to the network at all times which allows for a 45 Mbps. This is which it wills allows all page 7 of the your files will rapidly move from one section of the organization to the other at an amorous speed.The distance of sending and receiving files applications a numerous amounts of data at which intend will no longer be a problem with these kinds of speeds. This will allow the company workers and co- workers to converse between each other in case something goes wrong or they see a breech in the mainframe. The only way that there is a drawback to this is the type of network is that if it goes down there will is by utilizing the this is self-explanatory but in the e nd your mind will be blown away from everything that involved with it your company will be a priceless because you will save so much time and money.With the server you will be blown away from everything that involved with it your company will be a priceless because you will save so much time and money. With the server you can have an piece of equipment with the ability the have these upgraded servers it holds a strong shield around the company from having a someone Just coming in the network Just to take useful and important information. There are many options on going to have this cloud system service go from having a the cloud system storage, cloud backup data systems, management system.These systems are one of many that we can also do for the reasoning for that we're trying to indorse here. With these many options we can build your company to more advancement to make it more marketable. Page 8 This will prove invaluable to your company since there will be no need to physically ha ve your employee's, to tell or let other know about problems in the interface dealing with the cloud system in which it will tell everything that going on. This one feature alone could prove the worth in the entire investment, as we are sure you already know.Besides the lack of productivity among employees on assignment from the older systems where trying to market here a change in today world of working everything from one big infrastructure then Just having many employee's that can do this Just as there daily Job. This would allow the your company's assets to be better maintained in the same amount of work or even proven fact of 50% more workload and instead of less down time. The second available option is a Bonded TTL infrastructure.This is a system where you can your infrastructure going to any location at the rate mobs per line thus we can have the option can the maximum of iambs. There are advantages and only one disadvantage with this infrastructure that we will go over. The cost is compared too fractional of the TO infrastructure feature, and the limited scalability. Lets get into the cost of this big step of business a telecommunication lines from the cheapest to most expensive as of the following.By these options we can go into slowly stepping up our connection of keeping costs low and increase our bandwidth based on requirement of our new system. This will allow us to reduce startup costs from the needed bandwidth upgrade instead of having a large TO line that will meet any demands but increase our costs dramatically. The only disadvantage of this type f setup is its limited New System Proposal Page 9 scalability due to its cost limitations at bonded TTL lines the cost is greater than that off fractional TO. So in the end you would simply be paying extra for the having multiple bonded TTL lines.The option to upgrade too fractional TO or even a full TO can be made at a later date when a more accurate demand calculation is attained after initial impl ementation and operation of the new system. To summarize a bandwidth required by the new system. During our initial launch and early operation we will have it built into the connection creating a newer network to eliminate a potential connection issues. This will give us a great idea to where we stand with the output of true bandwidth demand of the new system and can guide us into upgrading into a fractional or full TO at a later date if necessary.Now as we have talked and given you our proposal let us get into why we are going forth with accomplishing all of this work to benefit of the distance of learning. Also with our new system we will have the upped most newest system from file sharing to going ahead and making a system that can mostly do anything to help you with little down time for your employees. In the end this upgrade to your system will benefit all of your current factories, as it will essentially link them all together as one.The concept of having this new system throu gh a network is exciting to many companies. There are many benefits to having access. One great advantage to the Ordain site will be the elimination of travel expenses for the company instructors going all over the place to use page this system and show how it going to work and what's its going to accomplish. This will obviously be easier on the travel budget but will also allow for a greater output f productivity since all employees will be on hand at any given time through a cloud system service that will always be at an arms reach.Also making an easier application will improve business communication though out the whole the organization. As stated there will be an easier platform for how we work, what goes on, and making sure the company is running a lot smoothly after everything is set up. We are actually consider many other devices and newer technology and also the companies mobile phone as a cloud like service as a device to the offices overseas and other countries after every thing is set up and implemented.Computers are necessary for the cloud system service but however we are going to come up with newer and improved services as those like, POI systems and tablets can be implemented over time in the near future we have to do everything one at a time to see how it all work and goes. We will make integration a much simpler process when combining everything to the cloud system services to help mainstream, the new applications to upgrade everything in our path to make sure your company is going to have the best-integrated system that it can have for the 22nd century.As we look on for the future blessing of Ordain where corporate is a one and only concern. We have the ability for your employees to be able to log in and access many applications, data, files through remote access. It has been proven that learning is page 10 well and every more informational easy when it's retained through a newer system the option to have higher speed streaming to simply have everything that employee's data right there at a simply log in. Ordain will also receive many boosts in speeds with working with files on their website and other distant servers. Giving the thanks o the higher through put this will create.While some see the upload of files as a minor annoyance with more bandwidth speed and a better infrastructure there will also be a certain benefits of increased of speed. One will be the ability to access files and change them. Considering the fact that Ordain serves as a manufacturing company this could be an important flaw in the material or the finished product are noticed and the production of plastic goods can be shut down while the problem is solved. Here time truly is money. This asset will also help ensure your design has the o ahead on everything they need no matter what. Thank you for taking the time to listen to our proposal.We have covered many areas including, we were here to provide you with a reason why you need to upgrading your sys tem, the security of using a public or private clouding system. That's ethical to have its concerns and how it will help reduce down time. Upgrading your existing Ethernet lines to a TO connection, and the benefits of why you should upgrade to our cloud system services. One of the many benefits in the areas of your company you're your employees to have a accessible and there willing to being able to virtually innocent all of your companies to one vast infrastructure will probably be the easiest Page 1 1 improvements to give .Security should be a benefit is not overlooked. With companies relying on there so heavily there is a need to protect them at all costs. We have ensured that there are several layers of protection to keep the network running and data safe. Should any questions or concern come along while reading our proposal for your company to have a new an improved like system to have what you need to get the Job done no matter what. Please don't be shy and feel free to give a all, or give us a email.

Social Inequality essays

Social Inequality essays As we prosper through time, inequality is slowly less evident. A lot of people don't realize that although things are improving with time, inequality is still prominent in our society. The people that are failing to realize that there still is inequality, are the fortunate ones. They rise well above the poverty line, and usually live relatively economically sound lives. They are the people who are supplied with our society's benefits. The people that are in pursuit of social change, and constantly bring attention to issues of equal rights and privileges, are often the people that do not have them. They are the ones who suffer daily from different levels of inequality. The majority of post-secondary students are considered to be privileged people. This tends to cause an ignorance, or lack of education, towards inequality because most of the students do not experience great levels of inequality. When our class was given our first quiz, everybody was able to feel a sense of inequality. As the class was divided into the different time groups, every student felt the unequal opportunity. Even the students that were allotted the most time for the quiz were able to at least see the inequality. As different times were announced the less fortunate students began to complain, and the more fortunate ones realized that their once equal peers, were now placed in an unequal situation. Since most of the students do not experience great amounts of inequality, the unequal time distribution shocked them. Fortunately for myself, I have grown up in an upper-middle class family. Although my parents have always tried to educate me on inequality, I never experienced much of it. During the class exercise I was placed in group three, and was given six minutes to complete my quiz. Although this was almost enough time for me to complete my quiz, I was definitely jealous of the students that were allotted more time. Even though the groups were arranged ra...

How to Do College Research Right Step-by-Step Guide

How to Do College Research Right Step-by-Step Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips College research can be an overwhelming task, and it’s not easy to know where to begin. In this article, I’ll help you sort through your options and find your dream college. If you work through the following four steps, you'll be well on your way to compiling a list of schools that fulfill all your most important criteria: Identify your priorities Search withan online college finder Consider your chances of admission Finalize yourlist In the next few sections, we'll cover how to research colleges in a straightforward and effective way. Step 1: Identify Your Priorities and Preferences The first step in tackling the college search process involves thinking about what you want out of your college experience.There are some essential qualities that differentiate colleges from one another that you should consider first, such as location, size, cost, and academic programs.You should also contemplate what you want out of the social scene and academic climate at your college. Then, you can search for schools that fit your needs across a variety of different dimensions. Primary Factors Here's a list of the first four factors you should consider when searching for colleges: #1: Location Do you want to be far awayor close to home? Attendingan in-state school can mean a lower tuition price, but it may stunt your college experience if you continue to rely on your family and old friends.You should also consider whether you’re interested in a rural, urban, or small town college environment. The surrounding area can have a big impact on your happiness and comfort level. #2: Size Large and small colleges often have very different vibes.You’re more likely to get personalized attention at small colleges, but they might have fewer resources and less diversity amongst students.You should research each college individually, but there are certain characteristics shared by most large or small colleges that might lead you to prefer one type over the other. #3: Academics You’re going to college primarily to learn stuff, so academics should be up there on your priority list. Just how serious of an academic environment are you looking for?Do you want a school that focuses on undergraduate teaching orresearch?What types of programs interest you?If you have any ideas about your potential major, keep that in mind as you search for schools so you can apply to places that offer the best programs for you. Selectivity and reputation also come into play here. Based on your test scores and GPA, you can predict your admissions chances at different schools (more about this later). It's advantageous for you to attend the most competitive school possible based on your stats.This will provide you with the greatest number of opportunities both in college and in your post-graduate endeavors. #4: Cost Tuition prices are something you should think about in your college search, but don’t let a high price prevent you from applying if you really love a school.Right now, you should just work on determining whether cost is an issue for you. If so, focus your search on schools that offer generous financial aidandmerit scholarships. You can also investigate colleges with no application fees. College represents a crossroads in many ways. Secondary Factors This list goes into some other factors to think about in your college search that are less fundamental but can still have a really strong influence on your experience. #1: Social Scene This is a vague term, but you should have some idea of what type of social environment you’re looking for in college.Do you want to be at a party school? Or are you more of a library-all-day-every-day type? Are you at all interested in Greek life? Do you want to be able to go out to bars and clubs? Make sure the environment at the school you choose will be a fun place for you to spend four years. #2: Housing Is it important to you to have a really nice dorm? Do you want to be able to live off campus at some point?Schoolsmayoffer more or less variety in housing, so this is definitely worth considering. Universities located in rural areas may have fewer options for living off campus. #3: Dining Are you looking for a school with lots of dining options? This is important to consider especially if you have special dietary preferences or requirements. Whateveraccommodations you need, make sure the schools you choose have the ability to provide them. #4: Extracurriculars Think of any extracurricular activities you want to pursue in college.If these are priorities for you, you should ensure that any schools that you’re considering have the appropriate resources.Extracurriculars are a huge part of the college experience for most students, and they provide a great social outlet outside of the party scene and classes. #5: Athletics If you're hoping to play a sport in college for fun, you should make sure that anywhere you apply will give you that opportunity.Are you planning to work out in college? If this is a priority for you, look for schools that have high-quality athletic facilities and give students full gym access.Many schools offer exercise classes for students at their gyms, which is a really nice perk. Spinning is a great workout. Just make sure you never talk about it outside of class, or you will instantly become basic. Seriously, if you react with an acid you'll produce a salt. Sorry I took this way too far. As you consider these factors,you can continue to customizethe priority order to fit your needs. Some of the factors I listed as "secondary" might actually be of primary concern to you.If you feel that something is a priority, don’t discount it just because other things are â€Å"supposed† to be more important. You may even be totally indifferent to some of the factors I've listed (for example, "athletics" are a foreign concept to us hardcore nerds). That's fine too! You can choose to ignore these factors in the next step. Now that you’re armed with your preferences and priorities, it’s time to start your college search for realz. Step 2: Search for Schools Using an Online College Finder After you’ve figured out your preferences, the easiest way to find schools that you like is to use an online college finder tool to search based on your criteria. One option that you might consider initially is College Navigator.You can specify location, size, major program, public or private, tuition, test scores, and more in your search.This tool will give you all the statistics on different schools and help you locate options that seem like the right fit.As you investigate the results of your search, add schools to your â€Å"favorites† and compare them side by side to see how they differ.This might eliminate some options based on factors like cost and admissions rate. A screenshot of the College Navigator search tool Another site to investigate is Cappex. Cappex isa college matchmaking site where you can fill out a profile and get matched up with schools that align with your preferences. The site provides suggestions for schools that you might like after you complete your profile.It has a pretty complete overview of each school including student reviews and information about campus life that might not be included in the College Navigator statistics. If you find schools that you like, you can add them to your running list and compare them against each other. Cappexalso links directly to the application pages for schools on your list of favorites, so you can check out what materials you’re expected to submit. The "fit meter" that you'll see on every school's page on Cappex. It shows you how well you match up based on your preferences. There are also a number of other sites you can use at this stage.The link at the beginning of this section will take you to my reviews of the ten best college search websites.Feel free to use whichever one seems most accessible to you! Step 3: Consider Admissions Chances and Reputation Once you’ve figured out what you want from a college and have gotten some solid suggestions from search sites, you should step back and take an objective look at your results.It’s important to maintain realistic expectations in the college application process, so you shouldchoose schools where you have reasonable chances of admission. Though the sites I mentioned above may give you statistics for a school's average test scores and GPA, it’s difficult to understand your chances of admission just by looking at statistics.I would recommend that you Google â€Å"(name of school) PrepScholar admissions requirements† to access our database pages about each school. Use the tools on these pages to enter in your GPA and SAT scores and calculate your chances of admission. In general, if your chances are below 30 percent the school qualifies as a reach school.A school with an admissions rate that’s below 15 percent is a reach school for all students regardless of scores and GPA.If all or most of the schools you’re interested in are reach schools, it's time to adjust some of your criteria to allow for other options. Only a third of the colleges where you apply should be reaches. This is also a good time to check ranking lists like US News and Forbes to see whether the colleges that interest you have decent reputations. However,be careful when considering these rankings! If two schools are within ten or so ranks of each other, there probably isn’t much of a difference in quality between them. Rankings are a tool to be used afteryou’ve already picked out schools based on other factors.If you’re trying to decide between two schools and the lower ranked school is a much better fit for you, then you should still apply to that one.Rankings are more of a tie-breaker to be used when all other measurements are equal.Prestige can be important because it generally means a more intellectual student community and greater academic opportunities, but you should put your personal goals and priorities above the prestige of the school. After consulting these resources, you'll end up with a better sense of the quality of your preliminary list of schools.This leads to the next step, making your final college list! Williams College: The #1 National Liberal Arts College (according to U.S. News) Step 4: Make a Final List Now that you’ve gathered all of this information, it’s time to tweak your list of schools so that it has a nice balance of different options. As I mentioned in the previous section, it’s important to have reach schools, but they should only make up about a third of your list.Another third of the schools should be likely options, and the last third should be safety schools. You can use the same process as above to look up potential likely and safety schools and check your admissions chances.Safety schools are schools where you have at least an 80 percent chance of admission.Likely schools are schools where you have a 30 to 80 percent chance of admission.These can be further divided into â€Å"possible† and â€Å"probable† options.Possible options will be in the 30-50 percent range, and probable options are between 50 and 80%. Most students end up applying to around 5-8 colleges in total.Start out with three schools in the reach category, three in the likely category (two probable and one possible), and three in the safety category.Then, if you find that you’re overwhelmed by the application fees or the supplementary essays, you can always cut out 2-3 schools.Be honest about whether you can realistically see yourself attending all of the schools on your list. You should also do some research to check whether the schools on your list use the Common Application or if they require you to fill out separate applications.This can have a big impact on the time you spend on the process.You might decide to eliminate a school from your list if you’re not super attached to it and it’s the only option that requires an individual application. Once you’ve balanced your list, begin brainstorming your application essays and deciding which accomplishments and activities you want to highlight for colleges.Read this article about how to create a versatile application for some more tips! This is what your college list will look like after you get back those acceptance letters! What's Next? Now that you know how to do research colleges, you should also be able to put it into practice. Learn more about the application deadlines that will be most critical for you. College ranking lists can be helpful tools if you use them in the right way. Find out about all the college ranking lists you should read and how much you should rely on them. Looking to attend a top-notch liberal arts school? Here's a list of the 28 best liberal arts colleges in the country. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

How to Use a Volumetric Flask

How to Use a Volumetric Flask A volumetric flask is a piece of laboratory glassware that is used to prepare and measure chemical solutions. It is used to make up a solution to a known volume. Volumetric flasks measure volumes much more precisely than beakers and Erlenmeyer flasks. How to Recognize a Volumetric Flask A volumetric flask is characterized by a bulb and a long neck. Most volumetric flasks have flattened bottoms so that they can be placed on a lab bench or other surface, though some volumetric flasks have rounded bottoms and must be handled with special protective equipment. How to Use a Volumetric Flask To prepare a solution in a volumetric flask, follow these steps: Measure and add the solute for the solution.Add enough solvent to dissolve the solute.Continue to add solvent until you near the line marked on the volumetric flask.Use a pipette or dropper to fill the volumetric flask, using the meniscus of the solution and the line on the flask to determine your endpoint.Seal the volumetric flask and invert it to thoroughly mix the solution.

Seattle University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seattle University - Essay Example Even though this cannot be taken as the only criteria, it can provide a sound judgment on the character, behavior, creativity and capability of the student. A personal statement, in the words of the student mirrors his/her hopes, aptitudes, desires and ambitions. It will provide a clearer picture of the student's thought process and the university will be in a better position to understand and adjust the subject requirements. Seattle, being a university with a religious angle, has its own agenda and hopes to adjust its goals with student aspirations. Thus the student essay will act as a window to the diverse background, the educational path of the past, hopes of the future, individual preferences of the student. Essays tend to be very personal and will give a clearer picture of the student's chosen path. Course requirements and decisions on units depend on the background material and personal preferences supported by individualistic ambitions. Transcripts and their authenticity are important for all the universities, especially in the case of international students, who are required to provide certified transcripts of reports, marks cards, diplomas in addition to English language (TOEFL, IELTS, CLB etc.) proficiency certificates provided directly by the certifying agency. Financial deposits and bank proofs are additional for international students. In case of sponsored students, the government, through the Embassy has to confirm the sponsorship and additional declaration of finance is necessary if the funding is partial. Almost all the British qualifications are accepted in US universities, with Britain having an unassailable reputation in the field of education. Most of the variations in Indian educational system are accepted. All international students are expected to submit seale d recommendations from their Referees. "Seattle University thoroughly evaluates whether home schooled applicants have the necessary foundation of skills, background, and breadth to be successful students here" http://www.seattleu.edu/home/admission/undergraduate/apply_other.aspn and thus the Home School students are not ignored. Most universities have similar requirements. American University demands completed applications, essay of 500 words, statement of interest, academic records, two letters of recommendations, demonstrated leadership report or community service record, English proficiency, application fee and financial source. In recent years, American universities have become more and more inclusive in their outlook. "Ensure a university environment that is inclusive as well as diverse and that fosters a spirit of community among faculty, staff, and students by increasing the diversity of its faculty

Integration of Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Integration of Supply Chain Management - Essay Example The article â€Å"Integration of Supply Chain Management with Internet and Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) Systems: Case Study† focuses on the business environment of Dell Computers (Ghani, Zainuddin, Ghani 97). The articles states that Technology brings in countless advantages to the business environment. Further, the business environment includes businesses having a supply chain management strategy. Specifically the technology used in enhancing the supply chain management process is grounded on the management of information technology. Management harnesses the many benefits of information technology to enhance its supply chain management process. Specifically, information technology is synonymous with the use of the internet or Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. To determine the current status of the company’s supply chain activities. The same article proposes that the environment of business is grounded on generating net profits. To generate net profits, the company must sell its products or services. In turn, the company must deduct the total amount of costs of purchasing or manufacturing the salable products and services. The excess of the revenues or sales over the cost of sales or cost of production is the company’s gross profit. Next, the business must deduct the marketing expenses and the administrative expenses from the gross profit to generate a net profit figure. The same article emphasizes that the supply chain management strategy affects the revenue amount. The company will generate more revenues if the company’s supply chain management activities ensure the delivery of the company’s products and services to the current and prospective customers. A decline in the supply chain management’s delivery system precipitates to lower revenues. Lower revenues will create lower gross profits. A lower gross profit will trigger a lower net profit. A slow supply chain management system will create a delay in the delivery of

Social Responsibility Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example sibility is very vital in the creation of wealth by a company in that if managed properly it can improve the competitiveness of the business and maximize the value of creation of wealth to the community. With the growing public awareness and desire for socially responsible businesses, it is significant to note that companies consider planning for future socially responsible business operation. Customers expect organizations to operate in a social responsible and moral way. Many Organizations have developed code of conduct that guide the behavior of their employees. Therefore, they have to work with customers to produce quality products that are in line with the customer’s desires and expectations. Further, organizations have to offer customers free access to data concerning their operation. Social responsibility and code of conduct are created with the recognition that every activity that a company do is connected with their work (Paine, 2008). Organizations should ensure that whatever activity they do, does not contravene the interest of the society. It is significant for organizations to accept whistleblowers because it helps in unearthing wrongdoing. Further, if organizations fail to accept internal whistleblowers, much damage can be done to the organization. Therefore, organizations should develop programs that allow employees to talk about illegal and unethical issues thus making organizations more socially responsible to the actions. Whistleblowers are advocates of the society since they make the organizations accountable in everything they do. Corporate philanthropy makes businesses more responsible by giving back to the society. It helps in raising awareness to the society about the company’s desire to help the society. Philanthropic activities make organizations help those in need. Social responsibility benefits both the employees and the company, since it broadens their experience and assists them in creating new ideas and skills via philanthropic

Purchasing Power Parity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15000 words

Purchasing Power Parity - Essay Example A new Eviews workfile is generated from the main menu of the Eviews by selecting File/New/Workfile, which opens up the create workfile dialogue box. Dated-regular frequency is chosen as the workfile structure type, frequency is chosen as monthly with the start date as 1990-1 and end date as 2011-03 as shown in fig1. The data from the excel is then imported by selecting the Proc/Import/Read Text-Lotus-Excel options of the main menu and choosing the dataset Data_Canada_PPP.xls. The number of series is entered as 3 in the Excel spreadsheet import dialogue box as shown in fig2. The data is imported successfully and is verified with the original data in the excel sheet by opening the generated data as shown in fig 3. Fig 1 Generate New Workfile Fig 2 Enter the number of series of Data Fig 3 Verifying the imported data 2) Generating Real Exchange Rate qt Real Exchange Rate qt is obtained by the formula: qt = st – pt + pt* -------- 1 where st = log(Exchange_rate) -------- 2 pt = log(CPI_Can) -------- 3 pt* = log(CPI_US) -------- 4 The formulae 2 to 4 are first generated using the Genr option in the workfile. The value of qt is then generated using the formula 1. The generated qt is shown in fig 3. e Fig 3 Value of qt 3) Plotting the graph (qt) Fig 4 shows the graphical view of series of values of qt. ... This can be tested using: Interpretation from Graphical representation: A non-stationary series produces lines with definite upward and downward trend with the passage of time, whereas a stationary series does not produce any such lines. Observing the Correlogram or Autocorrelation function (ACF): For a stationary process, the ACF will decline to zero in a quicker fashion whereas for a non-stationary process, the ACF declines in a linear fashion. From the graphical representation of real exchange rates between Canada and US shown in fig 4, it can be noted that the real exchange rate is likely to have some sort of random walk-up and walk-down pattern over the period of time. The presence of random walks indicates that the series qt seems to show non-stationarity in behaviour. However, the random walk does not show any increasing or decreasing trend. 4) Unit Test Root Non-stationarity of a process is characterized by the presence of unit root. In order to test whether the process is st ationary or not, it would suffice if we can check for the presence of unit root. This check can be performed by employing Augmented Dickey-Fuller’s test. The overall objective of this test is to test the null hypothesis that ? = 1 in: yt = ? yt-1 + ? + ut against the one-sided alternative ? < 1. So we define the hypothesis as H0 : yt = yt-1 + ? + ut (qt is non-stationary, ? =1) H1 : yt = ? yt-1 + ? + ut (qt is stationary. ? < 1) Subtracting the above equation with yt-1, we get the simplified equation as: ? yt = ? yt-1 + ? + ut Where ? = ?-1. Now the hypothesis for the presense unit roots can be written as: H0 : ? =0 (qt contains a unit root and is

Implementing Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Implementing Strategy - Research Paper Example The above organizational chart would work for IKEA because it would help make its operation less complicated. The Ingka Foundation would act as the executive committee. This committee would provide direction and support to the regional structure. The committee would handle IKEA’s strategic priorities. The regional structure should compose the members of the executive committee other than the Chief Executive Officer (Ingvar Kamprad or his successor). These other members of the IKEA’s executive committee should head the regions in which the company operates. This would provide for representation of the regions in the decision-making role of the executive committee and enhance the implementation its policies while reporting regional needs and emergent circumstances to the company’s top leadership (Steers et. al., 2010). The regional structure is meant to enhance connection with local consumers through a combination of localization and centralization. This would help overcome the challenges that IKEA encountered when it launched into the US market. Consumers of different regions have varying tastes and preferences and as long as IKEA does not adopt a regional structure, it will not address the needs of the consumers of the regions in to which it might expand. IKEA should allow the regional structure to vary its management to suit their environments. This would also have the advantage of speeding up the decision-making process especially because regional leaders will sit in the executive committee meetings (Wheelen & Hunger, 2012). The lowest level in this proposed organizational chart is the strategic business unit (SUB). These units are the geographically operating segments that would have several advantages for IKEA. They would help IKEA meat the taste and lifestyle needs of the people of their different geographical regions. Different geographical regions are different stages of development and SUBs would help IKEA vary its

Dispersed Team Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dispersed Team Dynamics - Essay Example The effectiveness of studies on the dynamics of the teams has influential merits for the management students as they can convert their individual skills to collective enthusiasm at their prospective workplace. This essay will focus on the summative evaluation of the different elements of virtual team management and the practical utility of the methods applied in the course structure and identify the questions for future exploration. The course design for the topic of dispersed team dynamics has successfully covered the different theoretical aspects associated with the virtual team management applications. The basic learning from the course encompasses the technical and scientific knowledge associated with the formation of virtual teams and their functions. The lectures and practical sessions of the course effectively address the essential features of operational management, communication and the principles of collaboration in order to empower the learners to develop their employability at the challenging job market conditions. The course literature evidently focuses on the technical and personal competencies required for the virtual team managers. The current tendencies of the global HR environment of collectively demand the management students and leadership aspirants to explore their own potentials on the basis of the required adaptability skills essential for coping up the change-inflicted challenges. Accord ing to Lpesinger and DeRosa (2010), the emphasis of envisioning the changes as part of virtual team management functioning is essential for team leaders because of the importance of visions in strategic planning and decision making (p.93). As part of the course, the virtual team has taken a definition for the students as they realize the scope of this HR practice device across the multi-cultural and diverse employment

Implementing Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Implementing Strategy - Research Paper Example The above organizational chart would work for IKEA because it would help make its operation less complicated. The Ingka Foundation would act as the executive committee. This committee would provide direction and support to the regional structure. The committee would handle IKEA’s strategic priorities. The regional structure should compose the members of the executive committee other than the Chief Executive Officer (Ingvar Kamprad or his successor). These other members of the IKEA’s executive committee should head the regions in which the company operates. This would provide for representation of the regions in the decision-making role of the executive committee and enhance the implementation its policies while reporting regional needs and emergent circumstances to the company’s top leadership (Steers et. al., 2010). The regional structure is meant to enhance connection with local consumers through a combination of localization and centralization. This would help overcome the challenges that IKEA encountered when it launched into the US market. Consumers of different regions have varying tastes and preferences and as long as IKEA does not adopt a regional structure, it will not address the needs of the consumers of the regions in to which it might expand. IKEA should allow the regional structure to vary its management to suit their environments. This would also have the advantage of speeding up the decision-making process especially because regional leaders will sit in the executive committee meetings (Wheelen & Hunger, 2012). The lowest level in this proposed organizational chart is the strategic business unit (SUB). These units are the geographically operating segments that would have several advantages for IKEA. They would help IKEA meat the taste and lifestyle needs of the people of their different geographical regions. Different geographical regions are different stages of development and SUBs would help IKEA vary its

Industrial Revolution In Great Britain Essay Example for Free

Industrial Revolution In Great Britain Essay The Industrial Revolution touched all over the world with an unprecedented degree bringing their economic, social, political and cultural spheres in its domain. Started in England in 18th and 19th century, it brought a complete change to the economy of England transferring it from agrarian to Industrial Economy. All the important centers were flourishing with the Mills and factories, and whole of England hummed with the rattle of looms and the boom of weaving machines. It was a period of intellectual thoughts and scientific innovations. Science once a sealed book saved to an elect few was democratized, and more and more scientific enthusiasts dedicated themselves to the popularization of scientific works like Darwin’s origin of species. The man of science was no longer an academic recluse, but a social figure exercising a deep and profound influence on the social and educational life of the age. Industrial revolution also swept with its broom of scientific inventions, the old conventions of the England, European and American Society. As Harold Perkin said, â€Å"the Industrial Revolution was no mere sequence of changes in industrial techniques and production, but a social revolution with social causes as well as profound social effects. †1 According to an Economic historian, â€Å"In 1960 it was England which first brought into effect, â€Å"The takeoff into self-sustained growth. 2 Till the end of the nineteenth century England was the Workshop of the World, and after that Germany, Japan and United States took over. Over and above Industrial Revolution also reflected the capacity of man to overcome nature. 1. The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History, The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England, Last Revised: October 11, 2006 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. historyguide. org/intellect/lecture17a. html 2. ibid. In 17th century Father of Modern Science, Francis Bacon (1561-1626) even said that natural philosophy which is called as Science could be applied to solve all the practical problems faced by man. He raised the question how the man could attain perfect freedom if he had to labour to supply the necessities of existence and the answer was obviously, with the help of machines. These devices could free the mankind from excessive pressures of labour, which could be utilized in some other useful and productive purpose. 1 In 1745, Benjamin Franklin’s Fluid theory was a scientific revolution which led to the birth of the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s. This Fluid theory was also called as Franklins theory of the Matter of Electricity and of Heat. After that there were spurt of inventions that led the world to take the shape where we are sitting now. 2 When the Industrial revolution was at its adolescent stage, the important source of power that was commonly used was coal followed by Iron and Steam. They were predominantly in use by brewing, metalworking, and glass and ceramics industries. The English industrialist Abraham Darby used high-carbon, which was converted form of coal and produced iron from iron ore. This coke became a good substitute of charcoal and the Metal makers used coal and coke abundantly to produce raw iron, bar iron, and other metals. 3 The invention of Steam engine to pump water was the greatest invention ever, which was first invented by an English engineer Thomas Savery in 1689 to pump water from mines. In 1712 Thomas Newcomen invented its improvised version. 4 1. The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History, The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England, Last Revised: October 11, 2006 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. historyguide. org/intellect/lecture17a. html 2. Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007, Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761577952_5/Industrial_Revolution. html#howtocite 3. Edward Lewis, â€Å"Introductory Essay: Is It Possible to Predict Scientific and Economic Development? † The Periodic Production of Rationalized Phenomena and the Past Periodic Depressions, April 16, 1999 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://cust38. metawerx. com. au/rusart. html 4. Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007, Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761577952_5/Industrial_Revolution. html#howtocite James Watt, a Scottish engineer formed an engineering partnership with manufacturer Matthew Boulton in 1775, which was a major step in Industrial Revolution and proved as creative technical center for British economy. 1 The Industrial Revolution also owes much to the development of Textile Industry. In 1733, John Kay invented a flying shuttle, which mechanized the process of weaving. By 1770, British inventor and industrialist James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, which spines large number of threads at once, and Richard Arkwright invented water-powered spinning machine, which allowed single spinner to develop various strands of yarn at one go. Slowly and slowly machines run by water or steam filled large, new mills and factories. The results of these inventions were the increase in the output of goods per worker. Now a single spinner or weaver can churn out the volumes of yarn or cloth as compared to earlier workers. This achievement of Man was a milestone in the human history. 2 Industrial revolution was started in Wales in the second half of the 18th century, but as it was predominantly an agrarian economy, there was very little progress. Around 1811 the inhabitants of 79 out of the 8,800 villages of Wales were still dependent on the agriculture. Slowly and slowly, during the reign of Elizabeth 1 Industries started began to sprung up for e. g. Iron making in Pontypool and Bersham, lead and silver mining in Flintshire and Cardiganshire, copper smelting in Neath and Swansea and coalmining in west Glamorgan and lintshire and changed the whole economy of Wales. With the adoption of crop rotation, the use of lime, the enclosure of wasteland and the development of proto-industrial production, especially in the woolen industry, there was significant progress. And as soon as 18th century approached there were 19 metalworks at Holywell, 14 potteries at Buckley, cotton mills at Holywell and Mold, lead and coalmines at Bersham saw the dawn of the new era. 3 1. Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007, Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761577952_5/Industrial_Revolution. html#howtocite 2. Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007, ibid. 3. bbc. co. uk, Wales History, Retrieved 23 April 2007, http://www. bbc. co. uk/wales/history/sites/nation/pages/industrial_revolution01. shtml Corts puddling process, which was invented in Wales in 1784, was responsible for the increase in the rate of iron production and became so popular in Wales that it came to be known as the Welsh method. Bersham also invented cylinders, which were predominantly used in Watts engines and the ironworks being carried out in South Wales. In Wales only the first experiment of Locomotion was conducted and also supplied fuel for steam engines. 1 The new era of railways started in Wales only with Richard Trevithick, a Cornish engineer, who on 21st February 1804, ran a steam engine from Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon. This train pulled 10 tons of iron and seventy passengers who jumped on it to take their first ride in the World, 2 later it was embraced by George Stephenson who was an engineer in the mining industry. He started the steam engines that pulled wagons up from the pit face. After this development he built a locomotive in 1814. George Stephenson was also appointed as a chief engineer of first railways between Stockton and Darlington. He later manufactured the famous Rocket, between Manchester to Liverpool line in 1830. 3 Though this Industrial revolution brought material advancement and Industrial progress yet spread the social unrest and economic distress. On one hand it created the privilege class of capitalists and mill owners but also brought in its wake the semi starved and ill class of labourers. As and as there were increase in Factories the people were shifting towards cities and towns. The cities increased to more than 20,000 and of Wales increased from 12 in 1800 to 200 at the end of the century. 4 1. bbc. co. uk, Wales History, Retrieved 23 April 2007, http://www. bbc. co. uk/wales/history/sites/nation/pages/industrial_revolution02. shtml 2. Wisdom and walks in the valleys of Southwales, Heroes of the Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. wisdomandwalks. co. uk/products. asp? ProductID=1 3. SchoolsHistory. org. uk, Inventions that fuelled the Industrial Revolution Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. schoolshistory. org. uk/IndustrialRevolution/inventions. htm 4 David E. Newton, â€Å"Industrial Revolution-Effects Of The Industrial Revolution† Science Encyclopedia Vol. 3 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://science. jrank. org/pages/3574/Industrial-Revolution-Effects-Industrial-Revolution. html This abject suffering, which labor class had to go through was an edible proof of the fact that Industrial Revolution was more of a curse than a boon. The whole landscape of Wales gave a look of devastated â€Å"Waste Land† with coal -mines, factories and mills churning out steams reducing the beauty of the nature to the elbow edge. The safety devices were very meager causing deaths and accidents. There were every year 43,000 cases of widow hood, and 112,000 cases of destitute orphanage in England and Wales alone. 1 With all this the growing importance of masses and the large number of Factory hands gave a spurt to the Reform Bills in the form of Factory Acts to give some relief to the children and women. 2 The Industrial revolution also opened the doors for women now finding their place in textile Industries, work shops and even in coal mines. In Wales the population in the quarrying sector became three times more. 3 Group of Non-conformist quarrymen constructed a chapel in their working area which they called by the name of Bethesda and it went on increasing with the population of 8,291 in 1881 in the Parish of Llanllechid compared to 1332 in 1801. 4 The living standard of the people had also considerably changed and they were living in either cottagers, or stone strewn slopes, such as Cilgwyn, or living in terraced houses, such as in Bethesda or Blaenau Ffestiniog. Only few had gardens and pigsty at the other end of the house. The wages of workers varied between 8d (3? p) to 1/- (5p) per day and the copper miners at Mynydd Parys were getting from 1/- to 1/8 per day. 5 1. Everything 2, The Industrial Revolution: Blessing or curse for the working class? Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://everything2. com/index. pl? node_id=983010 2. Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://www. fatbadgers. co. uk/Britain/revolution. htm 3. SchoolsHistory. org. uk, Working Conditions in the Industrial Revolution Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. schoolshistory. org. uk/IndustrialRevolution/workingconditions. htm 4. Women in History World, The Plight of Womens Work in the EarlyIndustrial Revolution in England and Wales Retrieved 23 April , 2007 http://www. womeninworldhistory. com/lesson7. html 5. Slatesite, The History of Quarrying The Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://www. llechicymru. info/IHistindRev. english. htm Both the Industrial Revolution and Scientific advancement brought a complex society with social problems on one hand and democratic consciousness on the other. There was a conflict between aristocracy and plutocracy as well as democracy and socialism. The last vestige of personal government and divine rights of rulers vanished and the House of Commons became the ruling power.WORKS CITED 1. bbc. co. uk, Wales History, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. bbc. co. uk/wales/history/sites/nation/pages/industrial_revolution01. shtml 2 Everything 2, The Industrial Revolution: Blessing or curse for the working class? Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://everything2. com/index. pl? node_id=983010 3. Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://www. fatbadgers. co. uk/Britain/revolution. htm 4. Lewis Edward, â€Å"Introductory Essay: Is It Possible to Predict Scientific and Economic Development? † The Periodic Production of Rationalized Phenomena and the Past Periodic Depressions, April 16, 1999 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://cust38. metawerx. com. au/rusart. html 5. Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007, Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761577952_5/Industrial_Revolution. html#howtocite 6. Newton E. David, â€Å"Industrial Revolution-Effects Of The Industrial Revolution† Science Encyclopedia Vol. 3, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://science. jrank. org/pages/3574/Industrial-Revolution-Effects-Industrial- Revolution. html 7. Slatesite, The History of Quarrying The Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://www. llechicymru. info/IHistindRev. english. htm 8. SchoolsHistory. org. uk, Working Conditions in the Industrial Revolution Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. schoolshistory. org. uk/IndustrialRevolution/workingconditions. htm 9. SchoolsHistory. org. uk, Inventions that fuelled the Industrial Revolution Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. schoolshistory. org. uk/IndustrialRevolution/inventions. htm 10. The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History, The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England, Last Revised: October 11, 2006 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. historyguide. org/intellect/lecture17a. html 11. Wisdom and walks in the valleys of Southwales, Heroes of the Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. wisdomandwalks. co. uk/products. asp? ProductID=1 12. Women in History World, The Plight of Womens Work in the EarlyIndustrial Revolution in England and Wales Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://www. womeninworldhistory. com/lesson7. html

Robert Mapplethorpe Photography Analysis

Robert Mapplethorpe Photography Analysis Mapplethorpe: Art or Pornography? art: the expression of creative skill through a visual medium such as painting or sculpture. pornography: printed or visual material intended to stimulate sexual excitement. (1) The question of art versus pornography is one that has long dogged the visual Arts of all mediums. Nudes on stage, actors fornicating on screen, and artists painting, drawing, sculpting, or photographing naked subjects or explicit acts, have all been scrutinised, discussed and argued over. Some have even been taken to court. Some depictions of naked forms do not even cause a stir. Nobody protests against the Romantic images of naked men or of the paintings and sculptures by Pre-Raphaelite artists of nude mythological beings. What is it then that determines whether something is classified as art or pornography? I would postulate that it is not quite as simple as categorising a piece as one or the other, and I will discuss this during the course of this essay. We must at this point turn to the Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of pornography and the key word â€Å"intended†. The deciding factor appears to lie in the intention of the artist; if he or she intends to â€Å"stimulate sexual excitement† the result will be pornographic. Mapplethorpe has admitted that his pieces are homages to desire, and that he himself was sexually stimulated whilst photographing his male nude subjects. It would be unfair to say however, that his photographs are not expressive of â€Å"creative skill†. His images, which I will examine in greater detail later in the essay, are formally beautiful and skillfully posed and shot. Can a piece of work be both art and pornography? Mapplethorpe himself insists that he makes pornography that is art (2). If an artist’s technique is masterful, why should the fact that the piece is sexually stimulating to others prevent it from being classed as art? Why can’t a piece of art hav e multiple functions? Some view Mapplethorpe’s photography purely as pornography, believing it impossible to classify photographs of naked men and women as art. When Mapplethorpe’s retrospective exposition The Perfect Moment exhibited at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Republican Sen. Jesse Helms was the most forceful objector. So outraged was the Senator that he would carry around photographs from the exhibition to illustrate his point to journalists. One photograph he would often present was â€Å"Rosie†, showing a young girl of two or three pictured with her crotch exposed, which he argued constituted child pornography. Others have agreed with Helms. In 1996 the image was removed from a London exhibition on the grounds that it might attract paedophiles. As many others have argued however, this view casts both Rosie and Mapplethorpe in an unfair light. As with many of his other photographs of naked individuals, what is most striking about â€Å"Rosie† is the humanity and i nnocence of this little girl; it is what is revealed about the figure that is most interesting. Nakedness is represented in the Bible as the state of innocence to which we must all return if we are to know God. In Genesis it is only when Adam and Eve fall from innocence and know evil that they realise they are naked. Saying 37 in the Gospel of Thomas alludes to the innocence of naked children: His disciples say to him: On what day wilt thou appear to us, and what day shall we see thee? Jesus says: When you strip yourselves without being ashamed, when you take off your clothes and lay them at your feet like little children and trample on them! Then [you will become] children of Him who is living, and you will have no more fear. (3) â€Å"Rosie† is only seen in a sexual context by those with the predisposition to see it in that way, whether they be paedophiles or hard-line moralists (4). Rosie herself, aged 23 at the time of the London exhibition, protested that the photograph was beautiful and innocent and not at all indecent (5). She had even hung a copy on the wall of the restaurant she managed. Mapplethorpe’s most explicit photographs are seen as obscene by many who are not moralists or particularly religious. His X Portfolio contains graphic pictures of homosexual sexual acts and bondage, such as ‘Helmut and Brooks’, which depicts one man’s arm inserted up to the elbow in another man’s anus. ‘Man in Polyester Suit’, another of the photographs often produced by Helms to show journalists, depicts a black man’s semi-erect penis protruding from his flies. It is an odd image, the picture having been cut from just above the man’s knees to his chest, directing the gaze to the penis. Is this pornography? Against the cheap suit, Celant asserts, the penis becomes an object of beauty, like an emergent flower, beginning to bloom with desire. It is erotic, certainly, but is it obscene? Many certainly view ‘Helmut and Brooks’ as obscene and, accordingly, not art. In 1987 Dennis Barry, Director of the Cincinnati Museum of Art, was put on trial for exhibiting The Perfect Moment. In court his Defense asserted that the aesthetics of Mapplethorpe’s work made his photographs art and not obscenity. In Janet Kardon’s essay, written as a guide and an introduction to the exhibition, form is emphasised as the focus rather than the content or context. Even when faced with explaining the photographs depicting homoerotic sexual acts Kardon extols the virtues of Mapplethorpe’s camera technique, almost ignoring the sexual content altogether: There is a drama in each photograph; edges are used as the perimeters of a proscenium,  with subjects strategically sited within those boundaries and caught at a moment of  absolute stasis. Most sitters are portrayed frontally, aligned with the camera lens, in  direct eye contact with the photographer and, in turn, the viewer. Nudes generally  assume classical poses†¦ although his models often are depicted in uncommon sexual  acts, the inhabitants of the photographs assume gestures governed by geometry, and they  are shown against minimal backgrounds (6) Returning to ‘Man in a Polyester Suit’, Kardon refers to the image as â€Å"outrageous† but only because the shot has been set up to appear as a clothes advertisement, making the juxtaposition of the penis â€Å"unsettling† (7). As Kidd writes, it is interesting that Kardon uses the term â€Å"outrageous† rather than ‘obscene’, and that it is not the act of photographing a penis that is â€Å"outrageous† but the actual penis itself, being rather large (8). The reason for this being, Kidd continues, that the term ‘obscenity’, has sociological and legal implications. In terms of the sociological implications, the obscene is a subversion of what is sacred, and is also separate from daily life – it is perceived as taboo, especially by religious organisations. Its legal implications are what led Dennis Barry to victory in his court case. Congress defines the ‘obscene’ as: 1. the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that such project, production, workshop, or program, when taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest; 2. such project, production, workshop, or program, depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way; and 3. such project, production, workshop, or program, when taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. (9) The defense successfully argued that Mapplethorpe’s work had artistic value – it is formally beautiful and striking, and the composition is masterful. His photographs could certainly be argued to fall under the first two definitions but all three definitions must fit for something to be considered ‘obscene’, therefore legally Mapplethorpe’s photographs could not be labeled as such. Flageolle extolled the â€Å"exquisite tonal qualities of the platinum print and controlled studio lighting† of Mapplethorpe’s photography, which can be observed in both his ‘hard-core’ and less explicit work (10). Photographs such as ‘Ken and Robert’ and ‘Ken and Tyler’, where Mapplethorpe juxtapositions black and white models, are made even more striking by using black and white film and posing the subjects in a rigid, symmetrical stance. All of Mapplethorpe’s photography is extremely precise, which actually adds to the eroticism of the images. In pornography models tend to assume very overt poses, leaning into the camera and pushing their assets towards the lens, and by extension towards the viewers. Much of Mapplethorpe’s work however, is more restrained in that regard. Subjects may perform explicit sexual acts, urinating in other man’s mouth for example, but it often seems to be personal, intimate. In â₠¬ËœJim and Tom, Sausalito’ the two men are almost unaware of the camera, a feeling heightened by the placement of them in the shadows. Mapplethorpe’s figures can sometimes feel almost cold, and distant, looking past the camera at something we cannot see. However, as Samaras has contended, pieces of art cannot merely be considered for their formal qualities, as that â€Å"relegates art primarily to the role of timeless visual entertainment not historicised cultural elucidation† (11). Mapplethorpe’s photographs showed the public another world. The homosexual and SM communities were brought to the attention of thousands of people. Mapplethorpe wanted to capture new images. His intentions were not to shock; â€Å"I don’t like that particular word ‘shocking’. I’m looking for things I’ve never seen before† (12), he told ARTnews in 1988. In photographing those â€Å"things† he also showed a multitude of people things they had never seen before. â€Å"The point of making art is to educate people† Mapplethorpe once asserted (13). He wanted to force the public into awareness of gay issues. If Mapplethorpe’s primary intention is not to sexually stimulate viewers of his work, does that mean it cannot be pornography? Yet Mapplethorpe certainly wanted to capture the latent sexuality of every living thing in his photography. Even flowers become objects of desire and sexuality. His photographs of flowers are almost more erotic than his nudes. There is a raw sexuality in the way in which he photographs them; the calla lilly’s stamen takes on a phallic shape, the stems of two poppies writhe around each other. Unlike much of his other work, he often uses colour film to photograph his flowers, capturing their vibrant colours, bursting with sexuality. Mapplethorpe sees no need to photograph his flowers any differently than his nudes; â€Å"My approach to photographing a flower is not much different than photographing a cock. Basically it’s the same thing† (14). His black and white photographs of single, naked black men seem to be more a study of the perfect form than pornography. The visually striking image of ‘Thomas’ recalls ‘Vitruvian Man’, Da Vinci’s mathematically and architecturally calculated drawing of the perfect human physique. With his arms stretched out to the perimeters of the circular barrier he stands in, his muscles rippling, skin gleaming, Thomas presents a striking and beautiful image of man. An untitled photograph taken in 1981 shows, apart from his penis, the rippling quadriceps of an extremely fit man. It is his gleaming thighs, reflecting the light and producing shadows, which draw one’s attention in this photograph, rather than the penis, which is shrouded in darkness. Mapplethorpe’s earlier work juxtaposed pornographic acts and images with classic poses and studio lighting, resulting in the disruption of both the pornographic and the classical and creating an uneasy mix. His later photographs of beautiful, gleaming male bodies are almost totally preoccupied with aesthetic beauty, with Mapplethorpe controlling the rigid poses. There is certainly a pornographic dimension to Mapplethorpe’s work but it is not traditional pornography. In many of the photographs, the subjects’ faces cannot be seen. Penises hang alone, boobs are held almost begrudgingly, the subjects uninterested. Nor does the pornographic define Mapplethorpe’s work. It is also a study of aesthetic beauty, educational, and a presentation of exquisite formal technique. Mapplethorpe’s work could be described as pornographic art; a combination of explicit sexuality and a formal exquisiteness. Endnotes 1 Soanes, Catherine, ed. Oxford Compact English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.  2000. 2 Cited in Levinson, Deborah A. ‘Robert Mapplethorpe’s Extraordinary Vision: A review of The   Perfect Moment’. Aug 6 1989. www.tech.mit.edu 3 Cited on www.gospelthomas.com 4 Tozer, John. ‘In the Eye of the Beholder’. Variant, issue 6. www.variant.org.uk 5 Cited in Gerry, Lyn. ‘Cut! At the Edinburgh Festival’. 1997. www.ainfos.ca 6 Kardon, J, Mapplethorpe, R. The Perfect Moment. Philadelphia Institute of Contemporary Art.  1988. ps. 9-10 7 Kardon, J, Mapplethorpe, R. The Perfect Moment. Philadelphia Institute of Contemporary Art.  1988. p. 11 8 Kidd, Dustin. ‘Mapplethorpe and the New Obscenity’. Afterimage. March-April 2003. 9 Public Law 101-151, November 5, 1990. Reprinted in Richard Bolton, ed., Culture Wars:   Documents from the Recent Controversies in the Arts. New York: New Press. 1992. p. 286. 10 Flageolle, Andree. ‘Mapplethorpe and Baudelaire’. History of Photography. Winter 1995. 11 Samaras, Connie. ‘Feminism, Photography, Censorship, and Sexually Transgressive Imagery:  The Work of Robert Mapplethorpe, Joel-Peter Witkin, Jacqueline Livingston, Sally Mann, and  Catherine Opie’. New York Law School Review. Vol. XXXVIII Nos 1-4. 1993. 12 Cited on www.mapplethorpe.org/biography 13 Cited by McDonald, Robert on www.queerculturalcentre.org 14 Cited by Celant, Germano. ‘Robert Mapplethorpe: Man in a Polyester Suit’ ArtForum.  September 1993. Bibliography Bolton, Richard, ed. Culture Wars: Documents from the Recent Controversies in the Arts. New  York: New Press. 1992. Kardon, J, Mapplethorpe, R. The Perfect Moment. Philadelphia Institute of Contemporary Art.  1988. Soanes, Catherine, ed. Oxford Compact English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.  2000. Afterimage. March-April 2003 ArtForum. September 1993. History of Photography. Winter 1995. New York Law School Review. Vol. XXXVIII Nos 1-4. 1993 www.ainfos.ca www.gospelthomas.com www.mapplethorpe.org/biography www.queerculturalcentre.org www.tech.mit.edu www.variant.org.uk FREE Pocket Business English, ACT NOW!